Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, RD&E Hospital, Exeter, UK.
Surg Endosc. 2018 Nov;32(11):4527-4532. doi: 10.1007/s00464-018-6203-3. Epub 2018 May 14.
Advances in 3D technology mean that both robotic surgical devices and surgical simulators can now incorporate stereoscopic viewing capabilities. While depth information may benefit robotic surgical performance, it is unclear whether 3D viewing also aids skill acquisition when learning from observing others. As observational learning plays a major role in surgical skills training, this study aimed to evaluate whether 3D viewing provides learning benefits in a robotically assisted surgical task.
90 medical students were assigned to either (1) 2D or (2) 3D observation of a consultant surgeon performing a training task on the daVinci S robotic system, or (3) a no observation control, in a randomised parallel design. Subsequent performance and instrument movement metrics were assessed immediately following observation and at one-week retention.
Both 2D and 3D groups outperformed no observation controls following the observation intervention (ps < 0.05), but there was no difference between 2D and 3D groups at any of the timepoints. There was also no difference in movement parameters between groups.
While 3D viewing systems may have beneficial effects for surgical performance, these results suggest that depth information has limited utility during observational learning of surgical skills in novices. The task constraints and end goals may provide more important information for learning than the relative motion of surgical instruments in 3D space.
3D 技术的进步意味着，机器人手术器械和手术模拟器现在都可以采用立体视觉功能。虽然深度信息可能有利于机器人手术的性能，但目前尚不清楚在从他人观察中学习时，3D 观看是否也有助于技能的获得。由于观察学习在手术技能培训中起着重要作用，因此本研究旨在评估 3D 观看是否在机器人辅助手术任务中提供学习益处。
90 名医学生被随机分为 2D 或 3D 观察组（1）或（2），观察顾问外科医生在达芬奇 S 机器人系统上进行培训任务，或（3）无观察对照组，采用随机平行设计。观察后和一周保留后立即评估后续表现和仪器运动指标。
2D 和 3D 组在观察干预后均优于无观察对照组（p < 0.05），但在任何时间点两组之间均无差异。两组之间的运动参数也没有差异。
虽然 3D 观看系统可能对手术性能有有益的影响，但这些结果表明，在新手观察学习手术技能时，深度信息的实用价值有限。任务约束和最终目标可能比手术器械在 3D 空间中的相对运动提供更重要的信息。
