Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Havana, Cuba.
MEDICC Rev. 2018 Apr;20(2):40-42. doi: 10.37757/MR2018.V20.N2.9.
Cuba eliminated polio in 1962 and was among the first countries to do so. Since then, only 20 cases of vaccine-derived paralytic poliomyelitis have been reported. Because Cuba used oral poliovirus vaccine exclusively in two mass campaigns usually in February and April each year, Sabin viruses were detected only within approximately 6-8 weeks after each annual campaign. This made Cuba a very attractive site to study the epidemiology of poliomyelitis in a tropical country without risk of secondary transmission of Sabin viruses for a large part of each year, an advantage over countries that used oral poliovirus vaccine continuously throughout the year in routine immunization programs. This report summarizes the unique scientific collaboration between Cuba's Ministry of Public Health and WHO, with participation by US scientists, in the global effort to eradicate polio. KEYWORDS Poliomyelitis, disease eradication, disease elimination, oral poliovirus vaccine, Sabin vaccine, inactivated poliovirus vaccine, Salk vaccine, Cuba, WHO.
古巴于 1962 年消灭了脊髓灰质炎，是最早做到这一点的国家之一。自那时以来，仅报告了 20 例由疫苗衍生的麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例。由于古巴在每年的 2 月和 4 月通常进行两次大规模疫苗接种活动中仅使用口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗，因此仅在每年的疫苗接种活动后大约 6-8 周内检测到沙宾病毒。这使得古巴成为一个非常有吸引力的研究地点，可以在没有沙宾病毒在每年大部分时间内二次传播风险的情况下，在一个热带国家研究脊髓灰质炎的流行病学，这是与那些在常规免疫计划中全年持续使用口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的国家相比的优势。本报告总结了古巴公共卫生部与世界卫生组织之间的独特科学合作，以及美国科学家的参与，共同努力根除脊髓灰质炎。关键词：脊髓灰质炎、疾病根除、疾病消除、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、沙宾疫苗、灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗、沙克疫苗、古巴、世界卫生组织。
