Khaw Mel W, Freedberg David
Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, United States; Department of Economics, Columbia University, United States.
Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, United States; Department of Art History and Archaeology, Columbia University, United States.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2018 Jul;188:213-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.04.018. Epub 2018 May 18.
Perceptual judgments are said to be reference-dependent as they change on the basis of recent experiences. Here we quantify sequence effects within two types of aesthetic judgments: (i) individual ratings of single images (during self-paced trials) and (ii) continuous ratings of image sequences. As in the case of known contrast effects, trial-by-trial aesthetic responses are negatively correlated with judgments made toward the preceding image. During continuous judgment, a different type of bias is observed. The onset of change within a sequence introduces a persistent increase in ratings (relative to when the same images are judged in isolation). Furthermore, subjects indicate adjustment patterns and choices that selectively favor sequences that are rich in change. Sequence effects in aesthetic judgments thus differ greatly depending on the continuity and arrangement of presented stimuli. The effects highlighted here are important in understanding sustained aesthetic responses over time, such as those elicited during choreographic and musical arrangements. In contrast, standard measurements of aesthetic responses (over trials) may represent a series of distinct aesthetic experiences (e.g., viewing artworks in a museum).
知觉判断被认为是依赖参照的，因为它们会根据近期经历而发生变化。在此，我们对两种审美判断中的序列效应进行量化：（i）对单个图像的个体评分（在自定节奏试验期间）以及（ii）对图像序列的连续评分。如同已知的对比效应一样，逐次试验的审美反应与对前一幅图像所做的判断呈负相关。在连续判断过程中，会观察到一种不同类型的偏差。序列中变化的开始会导致评分持续增加（相对于单独判断相同图像时）。此外，受试者表明了调整模式和选择，这些模式和选择会选择性地偏好变化丰富的序列。因此，审美判断中的序列效应会因所呈现刺激的连续性和排列方式而有很大差异。这里所强调的效应对于理解随着时间推移持续的审美反应很重要，比如在舞蹈编排和音乐编排过程中引发的反应。相比之下，审美反应的标准测量（跨试验）可能代表一系列不同的审美体验（例如，在博物馆观看艺术品）。
