Department of Health Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 May 24;18(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1807-0.
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common intrauterine infection. The only way to protect against congenital CMV infection is to practice CMV prevention behaviors. CMV seroprevalence rates are high in Hispanic women. It is unknown whether communication strategies should differ by ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to understand differences between U.S. Hispanic and non-Hispanic women's attitudes toward CMV prevention behaviors and examine the relationship between perceived subjective norms and these attitudes.
This was a cross-sectional study using an online panel. Participants were U.S. women of childbearing age. The dependent variable was attitude toward practicing CMV prevention behaviors, specifically avoiding sharing cups, food, and utensils with a child and not kissing a child on the lips.
Among 818 women (50% Hispanic), 16.8% of Hispanic women and 9.7% of non-Hispanic women (p = 0.002) reported familiarity with CMV. Attitudes toward CMV prevention through avoiding sharing behaviors (M = 5.55 vs. M = 5.20; p = 0.002) and not kissing a child on the lips (M = 4.80 vs. M = 4.21; p = 0.001) were positive for both ethnicities, but higher for Hispanic women. Hispanic women (M = 5.11) reported higher perceived behavioral control for avoiding kissing a child on the lips than non-Hispanic women (M = 4.63; p = 0.001). Hispanic women who were U.S. born or spoke English primarily more frequently kissed a child on the lips or engaged in sharing behaviors. Additionally, those who spoke Spanish mostly held more positive attitudes toward not kissing on the lips. Significant predictors for more positive attitudes toward CMV prevention behaviors were associated with perceived subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and pre-survey participation in risk behaviors.
Hispanic women have more positive attitudes toward CMV prevention behaviors than non-Hispanic women, however in regression models other factors are more important predictors of positive attitudes than ethnicity. In developing strategies to encourage women to practice CMV prevention behaviors, a focus on further understanding and increasing subjective norms and perceived control over those behaviors may be warranted.
先天性巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染是最常见的宫内感染。预防先天性 CMV 感染的唯一方法是采取 CMV 预防行为。西班牙裔妇女的 CMV 血清阳性率很高。目前尚不清楚沟通策略是否应因种族而异。本研究的目的是了解美国西班牙裔和非西班牙裔妇女对 CMV 预防行为的态度差异，并检验感知主观规范与这些态度之间的关系。
这是一项使用在线小组的横断面研究。参与者为美国育龄妇女。因变量是对实施 CMV 预防行为的态度，具体为避免与孩子共用杯子、食物和餐具，以及不亲吻孩子的嘴唇。
在 818 名女性（50%为西班牙裔）中，16.8%的西班牙裔女性和 9.7%的非西班牙裔女性（p=0.002）报告熟悉 CMV。避免共享行为（M=5.55 与 M=5.20；p=0.002）和不亲吻孩子的嘴唇（M=4.80 与 M=4.21；p=0.001）预防 CMV 的态度在两个种族中都是积极的，但西班牙裔女性的态度更高。西班牙裔女性（M=5.11）报告避免亲吻孩子的嘴唇的感知行为控制更高，而非西班牙裔女性（M=4.63；p=0.001）。在美国出生或主要讲英语的西班牙裔女性更频繁地亲吻孩子的嘴唇或参与共享行为。此外，那些主要讲西班牙语的人对不亲吻嘴唇持有更积极的态度。与更积极的 CMV 预防行为态度相关的显著预测因素与感知主观规范、感知行为控制和风险行为预调查参与有关。
西班牙裔女性对 CMV 预防行为的态度比非西班牙裔女性更为积极，但在回归模型中，其他因素比种族更能预测积极的态度。在制定鼓励女性实施 CMV 预防行为的策略时，进一步了解并增加对这些行为的主观规范和感知控制可能是必要的。
