Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Aquaculture and Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Nov;106:44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.054. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of drumstick, Moringa oleifera, leaves were evaluated in vitro to ascertain their principal active components and determine their immunostimulant, cytotoxic, antitumoral, bactericidal and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening of M. oleifera leaf extracts showed a greater abundance of phenolic and cyanogenic glycosides in aqueous than in ethanolic extracts, characterized by several flavonoids, condensed tannins and saponins. No significant effects on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head-kidney leucocyte activities (phagocytic ability and capacity, respiratory burst and peroxidase) were detected after incubation for 24 h with different concentrations (0.001/1 mg mL) of either extract. In addition, the aqueous extract showed a marked cytotoxic effect on both SAF-1 (at doses above 0.01 mg mL) and PLHC-1 (at doses above 0.25 mg mL) cell lines. The ethanolic extract improved the viability of SAF-1 cells and decreased the viability of PLHC-1 cells when used at higher concentrations. Both the ethanolic and, particularly, the aqueous extracts showed significant bactericidal activity on pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae strains. The antiradical activity of M. oleifera, as determined by the ABTS assay, increased in a linear dose-response with increasing extract concentrations. The results as a whole for the cytotoxic, bactericidal and antioxidant activities of M. oleifera leaf extracts point to their possible use as additives in functional diets for farmed fish.
菜豆树（Moringa oleifera）叶的水提物和醇提物在体外进行了评估，以确定其主要活性成分，并测定其免疫刺激、细胞毒性、抗肿瘤、杀菌和抗氧化活性。菜豆树叶提取物的植物化学筛选表明，水提物中酚类和生氰糖苷的含量比醇提物更丰富，其特征为存在几种类黄酮、缩合单宁和皂苷。在孵育 24 小时后，用不同浓度（0.001/1mg/mL）的两种提取物处理大菱鲆（Sparus aurata）头肾白细胞，未发现对其活性（吞噬能力和吞噬能力、呼吸爆发和过氧化物酶）有显著影响。此外，水提物对 SAF-1（剂量高于 0.01mg/mL）和 PLHC-1（剂量高于 0.25mg/mL）细胞系均表现出明显的细胞毒性作用。醇提物在较高浓度下可提高 SAF-1 细胞的活力，降低 PLHC-1 细胞的活力。醇提物和特别是水提物对致病性鳗弧菌和发光杆菌菌株均显示出显著的杀菌活性。通过 ABTS 测定法测定的 M. oleifera 的抗自由基活性随提取物浓度的增加呈线性剂量反应增加。总的来说，菜豆树叶提取物的细胞毒性、杀菌和抗氧化活性表明它们可能被用作养殖鱼类功能性饲料的添加剂。
