University of Valencia, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Av/ Vicent A. Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Università di Napoli Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Via D. Montesano, 49 - 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Aug;118:454-459. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.052. Epub 2018 May 24.
Enniatins (Enns) are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. and are widely distributed contaminants of cereals and derivate products. Among the different identified enniatins, Enn B is the most relevant analogue in cereals in Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the occurrence of Enn B and Enn B phase I metabolites in 300 human urine samples throughout an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) methodology. Three different sample preparation procedures were evaluated and salting-out liquid-liquid extraction showed satisfactory validation results. Enn B was quantified in 83.7% of samples ranging from 0.006 to 0.391 ng/mL (average content: 0.016 ng/mL). In line with the in vitro observations with human liver microsomes, in the here analyzed samples the Enn B monooxygenated, N-demethylated and dioxygenated metabolites were tentatively found in 87.7%, 96.3% and 6.7% of samples. The data of this pilot biomonitoring survey indicate a frequent intake of enniatins in Italy, supporting further toxicological studies to provide better basis for understanding their potential effects in humans.
恩镰菌素（Enns）是由镰刀菌属（Fusarium spp.）产生的真菌毒素，广泛存在于谷物及其衍生产品中。在已鉴定的不同恩镰菌素中，恩镰菌素 B 是欧洲谷物中最相关的类似物。因此，本研究首次采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS）方法，调查了 300 个人类尿液样本中恩镰菌素 B 和恩镰菌素 B 一期代谢物的存在情况。评估了三种不同的样品制备程序，盐析液液萃取显示出令人满意的验证结果。83.7%的样本中检测到恩镰菌素 B，浓度范围为 0.006 至 0.391ng/mL（平均含量：0.016ng/mL）。与用人肝微粒体进行的体外观察一致，在所分析的样本中，恩镰菌素 B 单加氧、N-去甲基和双加氧代谢物分别有 87.7%、96.3%和 6.7%被推测存在。这项初步生物监测调查的数据表明，意大利经常摄入恩镰菌素，支持进一步进行毒理学研究，为了解其对人类的潜在影响提供更好的依据。
