Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 May;89:71-77. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.023. Epub 2018 May 30.
The binary classification of mammalian immune memory is now obsolete. Innate immune cells carry memory characteristics. The overall capacity of innate immune cells to remember and alter their responses is referred as innate immune memory and the induction of a non-specific memory resulting in an enhanced immune status is termed "trained immunity". Historically, trained immunity was first described as triggered by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Since, numerous studies have accumulated and deciphered the main characteristics of trained immunity mediated by fungi and fungal components. This review aims at presenting the newly described aspect of memory in innate immunity with an emphasis on the historically fungal mediated one, covering the known molecular mechanisms associated with training. In addition, the review uncovers the numerous non-specific effect that β-glucans trigger in the context of infectious diseases and septicaemia, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
哺乳动物免疫记忆的二元分类现在已经过时了。先天免疫细胞具有记忆特征。先天免疫细胞整体上记住并改变其反应的能力被称为先天免疫记忆，而诱导非特异性记忆导致增强的免疫状态被称为“训练有素的免疫”。从历史上看，训练有素的免疫首先被描述为由人类真菌病原体白色念珠菌触发。此后，大量的研究已经积累并阐明了真菌和真菌成分介导的训练有素免疫的主要特征。本综述旨在介绍先天免疫中记忆的新描述方面，重点介绍历史上由真菌介导的方面，涵盖与训练相关的已知分子机制。此外，该综述还揭示了β-葡聚糖在传染病和败血症、炎症性疾病和癌症背景下引发的许多非特异性作用。
