Randomized Controlled Trial Research Center.
Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud.
J Hypertens. 2018 Sep;36(9):1816-1824. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001789.
Because of the incidence of a childhood obesity epidemic and the widespread changes in people's lifestyle, the prevalence of high blood pressure in children is increasing. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension and its risk factors in Iranian children.
Using random cluster sampling in urban areas and census in rural areas, a total of 5620 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years living in Shahroud, Northeast of Iran, were studied. The prevalence of hypertension was determined on the basis of the fourth report of the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents by age, sex, and place of residence. The factors influencing blood pressure were studied using multivariate regression.
The prevalence of prehypertension was 7.44% and the prevalence of hypertension was 6.82%. The relative risk ratio (RRR) of prehypertension was 1.17 for BMI, 1.43 for female sex, and 3.71 for residence in rural areas; in addition, the RRR of hypertension was 1.22 for BMI, 6.64 for residence in rural areas, 1.69 for moderate economic status, and 1.89 for low economic status.
The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension is significant in children and alarming in rural areas and requires urgent intervention. As factors such as high BMI, female sex, residence in rural areas, and moderate and low economic status are associated with increased risk of prehypertension and hypertension, it is recommended to conduct routine care programs at regular intervals in schools to prevent hypertension and its related complications.
由于儿童肥胖症的发病率和人们生活方式的广泛变化，儿童高血压的患病率正在上升。本研究旨在确定伊朗儿童高血压前期和高血压的患病率及其危险因素。
采用城市地区随机整群抽样和农村地区普查的方法，对伊朗东北部沙赫鲁德市年龄在 6-12 岁的 5620 名在校儿童进行研究。根据《儿童和青少年高血压诊断、评估和治疗的第四报告》，按年龄、性别和居住地确定高血压的患病率。采用多元回归分析影响血压的因素。
高血压前期的患病率为 7.44%，高血压的患病率为 6.82%。与 BMI 相关的高血压前期的相对风险比（RRR）为 1.17，与女性相关的 RRR 为 1.43，与农村地区相关的 RRR 为 3.71；此外，与 BMI 相关的高血压的 RRR 为 1.22，与农村地区相关的 RRR 为 6.64，与中等经济状况相关的 RRR 为 1.69，与低经济状况相关的 RRR 为 1.89。
儿童高血压前期和高血压的患病率显著，农村地区情况令人担忧，需要紧急干预。由于高 BMI、女性、农村地区居住、中等和低经济状况等因素与高血压前期和高血压的风险增加相关，因此建议在学校定期进行常规护理计划，以预防高血压及其相关并发症。
