Johnson Zachary V, Young Larry J
School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Integr Zool. 2018 Nov;13(6):616-633. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12339.
The tremendous diversity of animal behaviors has inspired generations of scientists from an array of biological disciplines. To complement investigations of ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to behavioral evolution, modern sequencing, gene editing, computational and neuroscience tools now provide a means to discover the proximate mechanisms upon which natural selection acts to generate behavioral diversity. Social behaviors are motivated behaviors that can differ tremendously between closely related species, suggesting phylogenetic plasticity in their underlying biological mechanisms. In addition, convergent evolution has repeatedly given rise to similar forms of social behavior and mating systems in distantly related species. Social behavioral divergence and convergence provides an entry point for understanding the neurogenetic mechanisms contributing to behavioral diversity. We argue that the greatest strides in discovering mechanisms contributing to social behavioral diversity will be achieved through integration of interdisciplinary comparative approaches with modern tools in diverse species systems. We review recent advances and future potential for discovering mechanisms underlying social behavioral variation; highlighting patterns of social behavioral evolution, oxytocin and vasopressin neuropeptide systems, genetic/transcriptional "toolkits," modern experimental tools, and alternative species systems, with particular emphasis on Microtine rodents and Lake Malawi cichlid fishes.
动物行为的巨大多样性激发了一代又一代来自一系列生物学学科的科学家。为了补充对促成行为进化的生态和进化因素的研究，现代测序、基因编辑、计算和神经科学工具现在提供了一种手段，来发现自然选择作用以产生行为多样性的近端机制。社会行为是动机性行为，在亲缘关系密切的物种之间可能有极大差异，这表明其潜在生物学机制具有系统发育可塑性。此外，趋同进化在远缘物种中反复产生了相似形式的社会行为和交配系统。社会行为的分歧和趋同为理解促成行为多样性的神经遗传机制提供了一个切入点。我们认为，通过将跨学科比较方法与不同物种系统中的现代工具相结合，将在发现促成社会行为多样性的机制方面取得最大进展。我们回顾了发现社会行为变异潜在机制的最新进展和未来潜力；重点介绍社会行为进化模式、催产素和加压素神经肽系统、遗传/转录“工具包”、现代实验工具以及替代物种系统，特别强调田鼠类啮齿动物和马拉维湖丽鱼科鱼类。
