Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
BMC Cancer. 2018 Jun 5;18(1):637. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-4553-9.
Growing evidence demonstrates that exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) is widespread and that these chemicals can alter thyroid hormone regulation and function. We investigated the relationship between PFR exposure and thyroid cancer and whether individual or temporal factors predict PFR exposure.
We analyzed interview data and spot urine samples collected in 2010-2013 from 100 incident female, papillary thyroid cancer cases and 100 female controls of a Connecticut-based thyroid cancer case-control study. We measured urinary concentrations of six PFR metabolites with mass spectrometry. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for continuous and categories (low, medium, high) of concentrations of individual and summed metabolites, adjusting for potential confounders. We examined relationships between concentrations of PFR metabolites and individual characteristics (age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index [BMI], income, education) and temporal factors (season, year) using multiple linear regression analysis.
No PFRs were significantly associated with papillary thyroid cancer risk. Results remained null when stratified by microcarcinomas (tumor diameter ≤ 1 cm) and larger tumor sizes (> 1 cm). We observed higher urinary PFR concentrations with increasing BMI and in the summer season.
Urinary PFR concentrations, measured at time of diagnosis, are not linked to increased risk of thyroid cancer. Investigations in a larger population or with repeated pre-diagnosis urinary biomarker measurements would provide additional insights into the relationship between PFR exposure and thyroid cancer risk.
越来越多的证据表明，接触有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（PFRs）很普遍，这些化学物质可以改变甲状腺激素的调节和功能。我们研究了 PFR 暴露与甲状腺癌之间的关系，以及个体或时间因素是否可以预测 PFR 暴露。
我们分析了 2010-2013 年在康涅狄格州进行的一项甲状腺癌病例对照研究中 100 名女性甲状腺癌病例和 100 名女性对照的访谈数据和点尿样。我们使用质谱法测量了六种 PFR 代谢物的尿浓度。我们估计了个体和总和代谢物浓度的连续和分类（低、中、高）与浓度的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI），并调整了潜在的混杂因素。我们使用多元线性回归分析检查了 PFR 代谢物浓度与个体特征（年龄、吸烟状况、饮酒、体重指数[BMI]、收入、教育）和时间因素（季节、年份）之间的关系。
没有发现 PFR 与甲状腺癌风险有显著关联。当按微癌（肿瘤直径≤1 厘米）和较大肿瘤大小（>1 厘米）分层时，结果仍然为阴性。我们观察到 BMI 增加和夏季时尿中 PFR 浓度更高。
在诊断时测量的尿 PFR 浓度与甲状腺癌风险增加无关。在更大的人群中或进行多次预诊断尿生物标志物测量的研究将为 PFR 暴露与甲状腺癌风险之间的关系提供更多的见解。
