Orosz Gábor, Tóth-Király István, Büki Noémi, Ivaskevics Krisztián, Bőthe Beáta, Fülöp Márta
Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Psychol. 2018 May 22;9:779. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00779. eCollection 2018.
To date, no short scale exists with established factor structure that can assess individual differences in competition. The aim of the present study was to uncover and operationalize the facets of competitive orientations with theoretical underpinning and strong psychometric properties. A total of 2676 respondents were recruited for four studies. The items were constructed based on qualitative research in different cultural contexts. A combined method of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed. ESEM resulted in a four-factor structure of the competitive orientations and this structure was supported by a series of CFAs on different comprehensive samples. The Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory (MCOI) included 12 items and four factors: hypercompetitive orientation, self-developmental competitive orientation, anxiety-driven competition avoidance, and lack of interest toward competition. Strong gender invariance was established. The four facets of competition have differentiated relationship patterns with adaptive and maladaptive personality and motivational constructs. The MCOI can assess the adaptive and maladaptive facets of competitive orientations with a short, reliable, valid and theoretically underlined multidimensional measure.
迄今为止，尚无已确立因素结构的简短量表能够评估竞争中的个体差异。本研究的目的是揭示并实施具有理论基础和强大心理测量特性的竞争取向维度。四项研究共招募了2676名受访者。这些项目是基于不同文化背景下的定性研究构建的。采用了探索性结构方程建模（ESEM）和验证性因素分析（CFA）相结合的方法。ESEM得出了竞争取向的四因素结构，并且这一结构得到了针对不同综合样本的一系列CFA的支持。多维竞争取向量表（MCOI）包括12个项目和四个因素：过度竞争取向、自我发展竞争取向、焦虑驱动的竞争回避以及对竞争缺乏兴趣。建立了强大的性别不变性。竞争的这四个维度与适应性和适应不良的人格及动机结构具有不同的关系模式。MCOI能够通过一种简短、可靠、有效且有理论依据的多维测量方法来评估竞争取向的适应性和适应不良维度。
