Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 23402, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
Cell Rep. 2018 Jun 5;23(10):3056-3067. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.018.
We assessed the subsistence-related variation of the human gut microbiome at a fine resolution for two of the main dimensions of microbiome variation, age and geography. For this, we investigated the fecal microbiome and metabolome in rural Bassa and urbanized individuals from Nigeria, including infants, and compared data with worldwide populations practicing varying subsistence. Our data highlight specific microbiome traits that are progressively lost with urbanization, such as the dominance of pristine fiber degraders and the low inter-individual variation. For the Bassa, this last feature is the result of their subsistence-related practices favoring microbial dispersal, such as their extensive environmental contact and the usage of untreated waters from the Usuma River. The high degree of microbial dispersal observed in the Bassa meta-community nullifies the differences between infant and adult intestinal ecosystems, suggesting that the infant-type microbiome in Western populations could be the result of microbiome-associated neotenic traits favored by urbanization.
我们评估了人类肠道微生物组与两个主要微生物组变化维度（年龄和地理）相关的生存变化。为此，我们调查了尼日利亚农村巴萨人和城市化个体的粪便微生物组和代谢组，包括婴儿，并将数据与实践不同生存方式的全球人群进行了比较。我们的数据突出了与城市化相关的逐渐丧失的特定微生物组特征，例如原始纤维降解菌的优势和低个体间变异。对于巴萨人来说，最后一个特征是他们的生存相关实践有利于微生物传播的结果，例如他们广泛的环境接触和使用未经处理的乌苏玛河（Usuma River）水。在巴萨人的宏社区中观察到的高度微生物传播消除了婴儿和成人肠道生态系统之间的差异，这表明西方人群中的婴儿型微生物组可能是城市化所青睐的与微生物组相关的幼态持续特征的结果。
