The Clinic Medical College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
Department of Practice Educational, Office of Academic Affairs, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
Front Immunol. 2018 May 28;9:1175. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01175. eCollection 2018.
Diversity and plasticity are the hallmarks of cells from the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Macrophages undergo classical M1 or alternative M2 activation in response to the microenvironment signals. Several transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, signal transducers and activators of transcription, CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins, interferon regulatory factors, Kruppel-like factors, GATA binding protein 3, nuclear transcription factor-κB, and c-MYC, were found to promote the expression of specific genes, which dictate the functional polarization of macrophages. Importantly, these transcription factors can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression through translation repression or mRNA degradation. Recent studies have also revealed that miRNAs control macrophage polarization by regulating transcription factors in response to the microenvironment signals. This review will summarize recent progress of miRNAs in the transcriptional regulation of macrophage polarization and provide the insights into the development of macrophage-centered diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
多样性和可塑性是单核细胞-巨噬细胞谱系细胞的标志。巨噬细胞根据微环境信号经历经典的 M1 或替代的 M2 激活。几种转录因子，如过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体、信号转导和转录激活因子、CCAAT 增强子结合蛋白、干扰素调节因子、Krüppel 样因子、GATA 结合蛋白 3、核转录因子-κB 和 c-MYC，被发现促进特定基因的表达，这些基因决定了巨噬细胞的功能极化。重要的是，这些转录因子可以被 microRNAs (miRNAs) 调控，miRNAs 是一组小的非编码 RNA，通过翻译抑制或 mRNA 降解来调节基因表达。最近的研究还表明，miRNAs 通过响应微环境信号调节转录因子来控制巨噬细胞的极化。本综述将总结 miRNA 在巨噬细胞极化的转录调控中的最新进展，并为以巨噬细胞为中心的诊断和治疗策略的发展提供见解。
