危地马拉年轻人群的饮食模式与心血管代谢风险
Dietary Patterns and Cardio-metabolic Risk in a Population of Guatemalan Young Adults.
作者信息
Ford Nicole D, Jaacks Lindsay M, Martorell Reynaldo, Mehta Neil K, Perrine Cria G, Ramirez-Zea Manuel, Stein Aryeh D
机构信息
Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
BMC Nutr. 2017;3. doi: 10.1186/s40795-017-0188-5. Epub 2017 Jul 28.
BACKGROUND
Latin America is facing an increasing burden of nutrition-related non-communicable disease. Little is known about dietary patterns in Guatemalan adults and how dietary patterns are associated with cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) risk.
METHODS
This analysis is based on data from a 2002-04 follow-up study of the INCAP Nutrition Supplementation Trial Longitudinal Cohort. Diet data were collected using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis. CMD risk was assessed by anthropometry (body mass index, waist circumference), biochemistry (fasting blood glucose and lipids), and clinical (blood pressure) measures. We used sex-stratified multivariable log binomial models to test associations between dietary pattern tertile and CMD risk factors. The sample included 1,428 participants (681 men and 747 women) ages 25-43 years.
RESULTS
We derived 3 dietary patterns (traditional, meat-based modern, and starch-based modern), collectively explaining 24.2% of variance in the diet. Dietary patterns were not associated with most CMD risk factors; however, higher starch-based modern tertiles were associated with increased prevalence of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in men (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.17, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.01, 1.20 for tertile 2; PR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00, 1.44 for tertile 3; p trend 0.04). Higher traditional tertile was associated with increased prevalence of abdominal obesity in women (PR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07, 1.43 for tertile 2; PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02, 1.39 for tertile 3; p trend 0.02) but marginally significant reduced prevalence of low HDL-c in men (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76, 1.00 for tertile 2; PR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72, 1.00 for tertile 3; p trend 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest the presence of two 'modern diet' patterns in Guatemala - one of which was associated with increased prevalence of low HDL-c in men. The association between the traditional dietary pattern and some CMD risk factors may vary by sex.
背景
拉丁美洲正面临着与营养相关的非传染性疾病日益加重的负担。对于危地马拉成年人的饮食模式以及饮食模式与心血管代谢疾病（CMD）风险之间的关联，我们知之甚少。
方法
本分析基于对中美洲营养研究所营养补充试验纵向队列2002 - 2004年随访研究的数据。饮食数据通过一份经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷收集。我们使用主成分分析得出饮食模式。通过人体测量学（体重指数、腰围）、生物化学（空腹血糖和血脂）以及临床（血压）测量来评估CMD风险。我们使用按性别分层的多变量对数二项式模型来检验饮食模式三分位数与CMD风险因素之间的关联。样本包括1428名年龄在25 - 43岁之间的参与者（681名男性和747名女性）。
结果
我们得出了3种饮食模式（传统型、以肉类为主的现代型和以淀粉为主的现代型），它们共同解释了饮食中24.2%的方差。饮食模式与大多数CMD风险因素无关；然而，较高的以淀粉为主的现代型三分位数与男性低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL - c）患病率增加有关（第二三分位数的患病率比值（PR）为1.17，95%置信区间（CI）为1.01，1.20；第三三分位数的PR为1.20，95% CI为1.00，1.44；p趋势为0.04）。较高的传统型三分位数与女性腹部肥胖患病率增加有关（第二三分位数的PR为1.24，95% CI为1.07，1.43；第三三分位数的PR为1.19，95% CI为1.02，1.39；p趋势为0.02），但与男性低HDL - c患病率略有显著降低有关（第二三分位数的PR为0.88，95% CI为0.76，1.00；第三三分位数的PR为0.85，95% CI为0.72，1.00；p趋势为0.05）。
结论
我们的研究结果表明危地马拉存在两种“现代饮食”模式——其中一种与男性低HDL - c患病率增加有关。传统饮食模式与一些CMD风险因素之间的关联可能因性别而异。
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