University of Reunion Island, UMR Plant populations and bio-agressors in tropical environment (PVBMT), Saint-Pierre 97410, Reunion, France.
Viruses. 2018 Jun 12;10(6):323. doi: 10.3390/v10060323.
Antibiotic resistance evolution in bacteria indicates that one of the challenges faced by phage therapy is that, sooner or later, bacteria will evolve resistance to phages. Evidently, this is the case of every known antimicrobial therapy, but here this is also part of a ubiquitous natural process of co-evolution between phages and bacteria. Fundamental evolutionary studies hold some clues that are crucial to limit the problematic process of bacterial resistance during phage applications. First, I discuss here the importance of defining evolutionary and ecological factors influencing bacterial resistance and phage counter-defense mechanisms. Then, I comment on the interest of determining the co-evolutionary dynamics between phages and bacteria that may allow for selecting the conditions that will increase the probability of therapeutic success. I go on to suggest the varied strategies that may ensure the long-term success of phage therapy, including analysis of internal phage parameters and personalized treatments. In practical terms, these types of approaches will define evolutionary criteria regarding how to develop, and when to apply, therapeutic phage cocktails. Integrating this perspective in antimicrobial treatments, such as phage therapy, is among the necessary steps to expand its use in the near future, and to ensure its durability and success.
细菌中的抗生素耐药性进化表明，噬菌体治疗面临的挑战之一是，细菌迟早会进化出对噬菌体的耐药性。显然，这是每一种已知的抗菌治疗方法的情况，但在这里，这也是噬菌体和细菌之间普遍存在的共同进化自然过程的一部分。基础进化研究提供了一些关键线索，可以限制噬菌体应用过程中细菌耐药性的问题。首先，我在这里讨论了定义影响细菌耐药性和噬菌体反防御机制的进化和生态因素的重要性。然后，我评论了确定噬菌体和细菌之间共同进化动态的意义，这可能有助于选择增加治疗成功概率的条件。我接着提出了确保噬菌体治疗长期成功的各种策略，包括分析噬菌体的内部参数和个性化治疗。实际上，这些类型的方法将确定有关如何开发和何时应用治疗性噬菌体鸡尾酒的进化标准。将这种观点纳入抗菌治疗中，如噬菌体治疗，是扩大其在不久的将来应用并确保其耐用性和成功的必要步骤之一。
