Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 14;13(6):e0197493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197493. eCollection 2018.
Triticum vulgare has been extensively used in traditional medicine thanks to its properties of accelerating tissue repair. The specific extract of Triticum vulgare manufactured by Farmaceutici Damor (TVE-DAMOR) is already present in some pharmaceutical formulations used in the treatment of decubitus ulcers, skin lesions and burns. It has been recently suggested that this Triticum vulgare extract may possess potential anti-inflammatory properties. In the light of these premises the aim of the present paper was to verify the anti-inflammatory role of TVE, using the LPS-stimulated microglia model of inflammation. In particular the effect of different concentrations of TVE on the release of several mediators of inflammation such as nitric oxide, IL-6, PGE2 and TNF alpha was evaluated. More important, the anti-inflammatory effect of TVE was confirmed also in primary rat microglia cultures. The results of the present study show that TVE exerts anti-inflammatory properties since it reduces the release of all the evaluated markers of inflammation, such as NO, IL6, TNF alpha and PGE2 in LPS-activated BV2 microglial cells. Intriguingly, TVE reduced microglia activation and NO release also in primary microglia. Indeed, to verify the pathway of modulation of the inflammatory markers reported above, we found that TVE restores the cytoplasmic expression of p65 protein, kwown as specific marker associated with activation of inflammatory response. The evidence for an inhibitory activity on inflammation of this specific extract of Triticum vulgare may open the way to the possibility of a therapeutical use of the Triticum vulgare extract as an anti-inflammatory compound in certain pathological states such as burns, decubitus ulcers, folliculitis and inflammation of peripheral nerve.
普通小麦因其促进组织修复的特性而被广泛应用于传统医学。Farmaceutici Damor（TVE-DAMOR）制造的普通小麦特定提取物已存在于一些用于治疗压疮、皮肤损伤和烧伤的药物配方中。最近有人提出，这种普通小麦提取物可能具有潜在的抗炎特性。鉴于这些前提，本研究旨在使用 LPS 刺激的小胶质细胞炎症模型验证 TVE 的抗炎作用。具体而言，评估了不同浓度的 TVE 对几种炎症介质（如一氧化氮、IL-6、PGE2 和 TNF alpha）释放的影响。更重要的是，在原代大鼠小胶质细胞培养物中也证实了 TVE 的抗炎作用。本研究结果表明，TVE 发挥抗炎作用，因为它减少了所有评估的炎症标志物的释放，如 LPS 激活的 BV2 小胶质细胞中的 NO、IL6、TNF alpha 和 PGE2。有趣的是，TVE 还减少了原代小胶质细胞的小胶质细胞激活和 NO 释放。事实上，为了验证上述炎症标志物的调节途径，我们发现 TVE 恢复了 p65 蛋白的细胞质表达，p65 蛋白是与炎症反应激活相关的特异性标志物。这种普通小麦特定提取物对炎症的抑制活性可能为将普通小麦提取物作为抗炎化合物在某些病理状态（如烧伤、压疮、毛囊炎和周围神经炎症）中的治疗用途开辟了可能性。
