Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology & Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Cancer Sci. 2018 Aug;109(8):2364-2374. doi: 10.1111/cas.13697. Epub 2018 Jul 13.
Exosomes participate in cancer progression and metastasis by transferring bioactive molecules between cancer and various cells in the local and distant microenvironments. Such intercellular cross-talk results in changes in multiple cellular and biological functions in recipient cells. Several hallmarks of cancer have reportedly been impacted by this exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication, including modulating immune responses, reprogramming stromal cells, remodeling the architecture of the extracellular matrix, or even endowing cancer cells with characteristics of drug resistance. Selectively, loading specific oncogenic molecules into exosomes highlights exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. In addition, exosome-based drug delivery strategies in preclinical and clinical trials have been shown to dramatically decrease cancer development. In the present review, we summarize the significant aspects of exosomes in cancer development that can provide novel strategies for potential clinical applications.
外泌体通过在癌症和局部及远处微环境中的各种细胞之间传递生物活性分子，参与癌症的进展和转移。这种细胞间的串扰导致受体细胞中多种细胞和生物学功能发生变化。据报道，这种外泌体介导的细胞间通讯影响了癌症的几个特征，包括调节免疫反应、重编程基质细胞、重塑细胞外基质的结构，甚至赋予癌细胞耐药性的特征。此外，将特定的致癌分子选择性地装载到外泌体中，突出了外泌体作为潜在的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。此外，临床前和临床试验中的基于外泌体的药物输送策略已被证明可以显著降低癌症的发展。在本综述中，我们总结了外泌体在癌症发展中的重要方面，为潜在的临床应用提供了新的策略。
