Meckel Yoav, Doron Ofer, Eliakim Eyal, Eliakim Alon
The Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya 4290200, Israel.
Child Health and Sports Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv 6100000, Israel.
Sports (Basel). 2018 Feb 13;6(1):14. doi: 10.3390/sports6010014.
The aim of the study was to investigate seasonal variations in fitness and performance indices of professional male soccer players. Eighteen professional male soccer players (age range 22⁻32 years) completed three similar sets of tests at three stages of the season: before preseason; after preseason and the middle of the competitive in-season. A significant decrease in body mass and percent fat was found during the preseason. A significant improvement ( < 0.05) was found in the vertical jump (preseason: 37.0 ± 5.3, post-preseason: 39.0 ± 4.8, mid-season: 40.3 ± 5.5 cm), the 4 × 10-m agility test (preseason: 8.1 ± 0.2, post-preseason: 7.9 ± 0.2, mid-season: 8.1 ± 0.3 s), flexibility (preseason: 45.2 ± 8.8, post-preseason: 48.2 ± 7.0, mid-season: 49.9 ± 6.9 cm) and aerobic capacity (preseason: 52.7 ± 6.6, post-preseason: 56.4 ± 6.0, mid-season: 57.4 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min) during preseason, with no further change during mid-season. Repeated sprint test (RST) (6 × 30-m) performance indices showed significant deterioration ( < 0.05) in ideal sprint time (IS; preseason: 21.8 ± 1.0, post-preseason: 23.0 ± 0.8, mid-season: 23.2 ± 0.8 s) and total sprint time (TS; preseason: 22.5 ± 0.7, post-preseason: 23.5 ± 0.6, mid-season: 23.8 ± 0.6 s) during preseason, with no further changes during mid-season. However, performance decrement (PD) significantly decreased during the preseason with no change during mid-season. The findings suggest that while power training was probably responsible for the anaerobic fitness improvement, the high-volume training led to improvement in aerobic fitness during the preseason. However, the low-intensity aerobic-type training, coupled with the high total training load, may have led to fatigue and decreases in IS and TS during the preseason.
该研究的目的是调查职业男性足球运动员体能和表现指标的季节性变化。18名职业男性足球运动员（年龄范围22 - 32岁）在赛季的三个阶段完成了三组相似的测试：季前赛之前；季前赛之后以及赛季中期。在季前赛期间发现体重和体脂百分比显著下降。垂直跳跃（季前赛：37.0±5.3，季前赛后：39.0±4.8，赛季中期：40.3±5.5厘米）、4×10米敏捷性测试（季前赛：8.1±0.2，季前赛后：7.9±0.2，赛季中期：8.1±0.3秒）、柔韧性（季前赛：45.2±8.8，季前赛后：48.2±7.0，赛季中期：49.9±6.9厘米）和有氧能力（季前赛：52.7±6.6，季前赛后：56.4±6.0，赛季中期：57.4±5.4毫升/千克/分钟）在季前赛期间有显著改善（<0.05），在赛季中期没有进一步变化。重复冲刺测试（RST）（6×30米）的表现指标显示，理想冲刺时间（IS；季前赛：21.8±1.0，季前赛后：23.0±0.8，赛季中期：23.2±0.8秒）和总冲刺时间（TS；季前赛：22.5±0.7，季前赛后：23.5±0.6，赛季中期：23.8±0.6秒）在季前赛期间显著恶化（<0.05），在赛季中期没有进一步变化。然而，表现下降（PD）在季前赛期间显著降低，在赛季中期没有变化。研究结果表明，虽然力量训练可能是无氧体能改善的原因，但大量训练导致了季前赛期间有氧体能的提高。然而，低强度的有氧类型训练，加上总训练负荷较高，可能导致了季前赛期间的疲劳以及IS和TS的下降。
