Kazak Çetinkalp Zişan, Lochbaum Marc
Faculty of Sport Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2018 May 25;6(2):48. doi: 10.3390/sports6020048.
Flourishing is a construct used to understand human growth. Exercise psychology research is scant concerning this valuable construct. Hence, our purpose was to examine different levels of flourishing and related constructs within a large group of self-reported exercisers from a basic psychological need profile perspective. Participants were 389 female and 387 male adults attending fitness centers. Hierarchical cluster analyses revealed the presence of three clusters with significantly different psychological need profiles across the three basic needs. Separate multivariate analyses of variance were used for the analyses for our demographic variables and psychological variables. Follow-up post hoc tests showed that these clusters differed significantly and were low to moderate in meaningfulness regarding exercise min/week and sports experience. The clusters differed significantly, with moderate to large meaningfulness, in flourishing, positive affect, and relative autonomy. Self-reported exercise and sports participation were not the important cluster characteristics. Our results indicated that self-reported levels of flourishing, positive affect, and autonomy differ even within a large group of self-reported exercisers attending fitness centers that on average exceeded the weekly-recommended number of moderate-to-vigorous activity minutes. Thus, our results suggest the importance of fitness centers in meeting their participants’ three basic needs.
蓬勃发展是一个用于理解人类成长的概念。关于这个有价值的概念，运动心理学研究较少。因此，我们的目的是从基本心理需求概况的角度，在一大群自我报告的锻炼者中研究不同水平的蓬勃发展及相关概念。参与者是389名女性和387名男性成年人，他们都在健身中心锻炼。分层聚类分析显示，在三种基本需求中存在三个聚类，其心理需求概况有显著差异。我们对人口统计学变量和心理变量的分析使用了单独的多变量方差分析。后续的事后检验表明，这些聚类在每周锻炼分钟数和运动经验方面存在显著差异，且意义程度为低到中等。这些聚类在蓬勃发展、积极情绪和相对自主性方面存在显著差异，意义程度为中等至较大。自我报告的锻炼和运动参与情况并非重要的聚类特征。我们的结果表明，即使在一大群平均超过每周推荐的中等至剧烈活动分钟数的自我报告的健身中心锻炼者中，自我报告的蓬勃发展、积极情绪和自主性水平也存在差异。因此，我们的结果表明健身中心在满足参与者的三种基本需求方面的重要性。
