Lucke Annegret, Böhm Josef, Zebeli Qendrim, Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U
Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Apr 25;9:804. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00804. eCollection 2018.
Dietary deoxynivalenol (DON) impairs the intestinal functions and performance in broiler chickens, whereas little is known about the effect of DON on the gastrointestinal microbiota. This study evaluated the impact of graded levels of dietary DON contamination on the cecal bacterial microbiota, their predicted metabolic abilities and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in chickens. In using a single oral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge we further assessed whether an additional intestinal stressor would potentiate DON-related effects on the cecal microbiota. Eighty 1-day-old chicks were fed diets with increasing DON concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg DON per kg diet) for 5 weeks and were sampled after half of the chickens received an oral LPS challenge (1 mg LPS/kg bodyweight) 1 day before sampling. The bacterial composition was investigated by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V3-5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. DON-feeding decreased ( < 0.05) the cecal species richness (Chao1) and evenness (Shannon) compared to the non-contaminated diet. The phyla and tended to linearly increase and decrease with increasing DON-concentrations, respectively. Within the , DON decreased the relative abundance of genus, , and genus 2 ( < 0.05), whereas it increased genus 2 ( < 0.05). Moreover, increasing DON levels linearly decreased a high-abundance genus and an -OTU ( < 0.05). Changes in the bacterial composition and their imputed metagenomic capabilities may be explained by DON-related changes in host physiology and cecal nutrient availability. The oral LPS challenge only decreased the abundance of an unassigned genus 2 ( = 0.03). Increasing dietary concentrations of DON quadratically increased the cecal total SCFA and butyrate concentration ( < 0.05), whereas a DON × LPS interaction indicated that LPS mainly increased cecal total SCFA, butyrate, and acetate concentrations in chickens fed the diets that were not contaminated with DON. The present findings showed that even the lowest level of dietary DON contamination had modulatory effects on chicken's cecal bacterial microbiota composition and diversity, whereas the additional oral challenge with LPS did not potentiate DON effects on the cecal bacterial composition.
日粮中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）会损害肉鸡的肠道功能和生产性能，然而关于DON对胃肠道微生物群的影响却知之甚少。本研究评估了日粮中不同水平DON污染对鸡盲肠细菌微生物群、其预测的代谢能力和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）谱的影响。通过单次口服脂多糖（LPS）刺激，我们进一步评估了额外的肠道应激源是否会增强DON对盲肠微生物群的相关影响。80只1日龄雏鸡饲喂DON浓度递增（0、2.5、5和10mg DON/kg日粮）的日粮5周，在一半鸡只于采样前1天接受口服LPS刺激（1mg LPS/kg体重）后进行采样。通过对16S rRNA基因V3-5区域的Illumina MiSeq测序来研究细菌组成。与未受污染的日粮相比，饲喂DON降低了（<0.05）盲肠物种丰富度（Chao1）和均匀度（Shannon）。厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门分别倾向于随DON浓度增加呈线性增加和减少。在厚壁菌门内，DON降低了芽孢杆菌属、乳杆菌属和瘤胃球菌属2的相对丰度（<0.05），而增加了瘤胃球菌属2的相对丰度（<0.05）。此外，DON水平升高线性降低了一个高丰度的梭菌属和一个梭菌-OTU（<0.05）。细菌组成的变化及其推算的宏基因组能力可能由宿主生理学和盲肠养分可利用性方面与DON相关的变化来解释。口服LPS刺激仅降低了一个未分类的瘤胃球菌属2的丰度（P = 0.03）。日粮中DON浓度的增加使盲肠总SCFA和丁酸盐浓度呈二次方增加（<0.05），而DON×LPS相互作用表明，LPS主要增加了饲喂未受DON污染日粮的鸡的盲肠总SCFA、丁酸盐和乙酸盐浓度。目前的研究结果表明，即使是日粮中最低水平的DON污染也对鸡的盲肠细菌微生物群组成和多样性具有调节作用，而额外的口服LPS刺激并未增强DON对盲肠细菌组成的影响。
