Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.
Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2018 Oct;102(10):1320-1323. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312149. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Colombia and its relations with demographic and socioeconomic variables.
A cross-sectional study performed in 10 Colombian administrative districts (MIOPUR study), including children and adolescents from 8 to 17 years old and adults from 35 to 55 years old.
3608 individuals (100% of whom agreed to participate) were included. Prevalence estimates of refractive errors were: hyperopia 32.3% (95% CI 30.7 to 33.8), myopia 12.9% (95% CI 11.8 to 14.0), mixed astigmatism 2.8% (95% CI 2.2 to 3.3) and anisometropia 1.9% (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3). Prevalence of myopia in 15-year-old adolescents was 14.7%. In children and adolescents, the hyperopia prevalence decreased while myopia prevalence increased with age. In the adults group, the tendency was the contrary. Myopia prevalence reached 15.7% in urban and 9.2% in rural areas, and for hyperopia, the rates were 29.4% in urban and 36.1% in rural areas. In the multivariate analysis, living in an urban area significantly increased the risk of having myopia (OR: 1.45 (1.12 to 1.89); p<0.01). There were significant regional differences among diverse zones of the country.
Prevalence estimates of myopia and hyperopia in Colombia were found to be at an intermediate point compared with global data. In adults, myopia frequency was lower than in European and Asian studies. The prevalence of myopia increased during childhood and adolescence and was higher in middle-aged adults (35-39 years) than in older adults. On the other hand, hyperopia rates increased with age, findings that suggest a cohort effect. In the multivariate analysis, residence in urban areas and living in a medium-high socioeconomic status were linked to myopia.
确定哥伦比亚屈光不正的患病率及其与人口统计学和社会经济学变量的关系。
这是一项在哥伦比亚 10 个行政区进行的横断面研究（MIOPUR 研究），纳入了 8 至 17 岁的儿童和青少年以及 35 至 55 岁的成年人。
共纳入 3608 名（100%同意参与）个体。屈光不正的患病率估计值如下：远视 32.3%（95%可信区间 30.7 至 33.8）、近视 12.9%（95%可信区间 11.8 至 14.0）、混合性散光 2.8%（95%可信区间 2.2 至 3.3）和屈光参差 1.9%（95%可信区间 1.4 至 2.3）。15 岁青少年的近视患病率为 14.7%。在儿童和青少年中，远视的患病率随着年龄的增长而下降，而近视的患病率则随着年龄的增长而增加。在成年人组中，趋势则相反。城市地区的近视患病率为 15.7%，农村地区为 9.2%，而远视的患病率在城市地区为 29.4%，农村地区为 36.1%。在多变量分析中，居住在城市地区显著增加了近视的风险（OR：1.45（1.12 至 1.89）；p<0.01）。该国不同地区之间存在显著的区域差异。
与全球数据相比，哥伦比亚的近视和远视患病率估计值处于中等水平。在成年人中，近视的频率低于欧洲和亚洲的研究。近视在儿童和青少年时期增加，在中年成年人（35-39 岁）中高于老年成年人。另一方面，远视的发病率随着年龄的增长而增加，这表明存在队列效应。在多变量分析中，居住在城市地区和处于中高社会经济地位与近视有关。
