Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Block K3, 4th Floor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
GENUD: "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development" Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Aug;58(5):1947-1960. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1749-3. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
Our aim is to demonstrate that a healthy diet might reduce the relation between adiposity and inflammation, whereas an unhealthy diet may increase the effect of adiposity on inflammatory biomarkers.
In 618 adolescents (13-17 years) of the European HELENA study, data were available on body composition, a set of inflammation markers, and food intake determined by a self-administered computerized 24-h recall. A 9-point Mediterranean diet score and an antioxidant-rich diet score were used as dietary parameters and tested as moderator. Total body fat was represented by the sum of six skinfold thicknesses and central adiposity by waist circumference. A set of inflammation-related biomarkers was used as outcome: a pro/anti-inflammatory interleukins ratio, TGFβ-1, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, 3 cell adhesion molecules, and 3 types of immune cells; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and homocysteine were used as cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers, and alanine transaminase (ALT) as liver dysfunction biomarker. Multiple linear regression analyses tested moderation by diet in the adiposity-inflammation association and were adjusted for age, sex, country, puberty, socioeconomic status.
Both the Mediterranean and antioxidant-rich diet, and overall and central adiposity, were important in the moderation. Diet was a significant protective moderator in the effect of adiposity on the pro/anti-inflammatory interleukins ratio, TGFβ-1, GGT, and ALT.
In conclusion, in some cases, a diet rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients may attenuate the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers caused by adiposity, whereas a poor diet appears to contribute to the onset of early oxidative stress signs.
本研究旨在证明健康的饮食模式可能会降低肥胖与炎症之间的关联，而不健康的饮食模式可能会增加肥胖对炎症生物标志物的影响。
在欧洲 HELENA 研究的 618 名青少年（13-17 岁）中，可获得身体成分、一系列炎症标志物以及通过自我管理的计算机化 24 小时回忆确定的饮食摄入量的数据。使用 9 分制地中海饮食评分和富含抗氧化剂的饮食评分作为饮食参数，并进行了检验。全身脂肪用 6 个皮褶厚度的总和来表示，中心性肥胖用腰围来表示。使用一组与炎症相关的生物标志物作为结果：促炎/抗炎细胞因子比值、TGFβ-1、C 反应蛋白、TNF-α、3 种细胞黏附分子和 3 种免疫细胞；γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）和同型半胱氨酸作为心血管疾病风险生物标志物，丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）作为肝功能障碍生物标志物。多元线性回归分析检验了饮食在肥胖与炎症关联中的调节作用，并根据年龄、性别、国家、青春期、社会经济地位进行了调整。
地中海饮食和富含抗氧化剂的饮食以及全身和中心性肥胖在调节中都很重要。在肥胖对促炎/抗炎细胞因子比值、TGFβ-1、GGT 和 ALT 的影响中，饮食是一个显著的保护性调节因素。
总之，在某些情况下，富含抗氧化剂和必需营养素的饮食可能会减轻肥胖引起的炎症生物标志物的浓度，而不良的饮食似乎会导致早期氧化应激迹象的发生。
