Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia.
J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1610-1618. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa064.
Although high dietary polyphenol intake is negatively associated with risk of certain inflammation-associated chronic diseases, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and few studies have explored this in adolescents.
This study aimed to evaluate the association between intakes of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and the 10 most commonly consumed individual polyphenols with inflammatory biomarkers in the blood of European adolescents.
In the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study, 526 adolescents (54% girls; 12.5-17.5 y) had data on inflammatory biomarkers and polyphenol intake from 2 nonconsecutive 24-h recalls via matching with the Phenol-Explorer database. Inflammatory biomarkers in serum were IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), TNF-α, IFN-γ, soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), white blood cells, lymphocytes, T cells, and C-reactive protein. Multilevel linear models were used to test associations of polyphenol intake with a pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio [(zTNF-α + zIL-6 + zIL-1)/3/zIL-10] as well as with separate inflammatory biomarkers, adjusted for sociodemographic variables, diet inflammation index, BMI z score, and serum triglycerides.
The pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio was linearly inversely associated with the intake of total polyphenols (β = -0.11, P = 0.040). When other inflammation biomarkers were considered, the serum IL-10 concentration was inversely associated with total polyphenol (β = -0.12, P = 0.017) and flavonoid (β = -0.12, P = 0.013) intakes, findings that were inconsistent with the biomarker ratio results. However, the anti-inflammatory capacity of polyphenols was confirmed by positive associations of IL-4 with phenolic acid (β = 0.09 P = 0.049) and stilbene (β = 0.13, P = 0.019) intakes and the negative association of IL-1, IL-2, and IFN-γ with lignan intake (β = -0.10, P = 0.034; β = -0.09, P = 0.049; β = -0.11, P = 0.023).
The negative relation with the overall pro/anti-inflammatory biomarker ratio suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role of high polyphenol intakes among European adolescents. Nevertheless, associations are dependent on polyphenol type and the inflammatory biomarker measured.
尽管高膳食多酚摄入量与某些与炎症相关的慢性疾病的风险呈负相关，但其中的机制尚不完全清楚，并且很少有研究在青少年中对此进行探讨。
本研究旨在评估欧洲青少年血液中总多酚、多酚类和 10 种最常见的单个多酚与炎症生物标志物之间的摄入量的关联。
在欧洲青少年营养与生活方式（HELENA）研究中，526 名青少年（54%为女性；12.5-17.5 岁）的数据来自 2 次非连续 24 小时回顾，通过与 Phenol-Explorer 数据库匹配获得了炎症生物标志物和多酚摄入量的数据。血清中的炎症生物标志物包括白细胞介素 1（IL-1）、白细胞介素 2（IL-2）、白细胞介素 4（IL-4）、白细胞介素 5（IL-5）、白细胞介素 6（IL-6）、白细胞介素 10（IL-10）、转化生长因子 β1（TGF-β1）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子 1（sVCAM-1）、可溶性细胞间黏附分子 1（sICAM-1）、可溶性 E-选择素（sE-selectin）、白细胞、淋巴细胞、T 细胞和 C 反应蛋白。使用多水平线性模型来检验多酚摄入量与促炎/抗炎生物标志物比值[（zTNF-α+zIL-6+zIL-1）/3/zIL-10]以及与单独的炎症生物标志物之间的关联，这些关联经过了社会人口统计学变量、饮食炎症指数、BMI z 评分和血清甘油三酯的调整。
促炎/抗炎生物标志物比值与总多酚的摄入量呈线性负相关（β=-0.11，P=0.040）。当考虑到其他炎症生物标志物时，血清 IL-10 浓度与总多酚（β=-0.12，P=0.017）和类黄酮（β=-0.12，P=0.013）的摄入量呈负相关，这与生物标志物比值的结果不一致。然而，多酚的抗炎能力得到了证实，因为酚酸（β=0.09，P=0.049）和芪类（β=0.13，P=0.019）的摄入量与 IL-4 呈正相关，而 IL-1、IL-2 和 IFN-γ 的摄入量与木脂素呈负相关（β=-0.10，P=0.034；β=-0.09，P=0.049；β=-0.11，P=0.023）。
与整体促炎/抗炎生物标志物比值呈负相关表明，高多酚摄入量可能在欧洲青少年中具有抗炎作用。然而，关联取决于多酚的类型和所测量的炎症生物标志物。
