Harder+Company Community Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Harder+Company Community Research, San Diego, CA, USA.
J Urban Health. 2018 Oct;95(5):754-764. doi: 10.1007/s11524-018-0263-5.
This study aims to identify perceived impacts of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) on decision-making, determinants of health, and determinants of health equity and outline the mechanisms through which these impacts can occur. The research team conducted a mixed-methods study of HIAs in the USA. First, investigators collected data regarding perceived HIA impacts through an online questionnaire, which was completed by 149 stakeholders representing 126 unique HIAs. To explore in greater depth the themes that arose from the online survey, investigators conducted semi-structured interviews with 46 stakeholders involved with 27 HIAs related to the built environment. This preliminary study suggests that HIAs can strengthen relationships and build trust between community and government institutions. In addition, this study suggests that HIA recommendations can inform policy and decision-making systems that determine the distribution of health-promoting resources and health risks. HIA outcomes may in turn lead to more equitable access to health resources and reduce exposure to environmental harms among at-risk populations. Future research should further explore associations between HIAs and changes in determinants of health and health equity by corroborating findings with other data sources and documenting potential impacts and outcomes of HIAs in other sectors.
本研究旨在确定健康影响评估（HIA）对决策、健康决定因素和健康公平决定因素的感知影响，并概述这些影响发生的机制。研究小组对美国的 HIA 进行了一项混合方法研究。首先，调查人员通过在线问卷收集了关于感知 HIA 影响的数据，该问卷由代表 126 个独特 HIA 的 149 名利益相关者填写。为了更深入地探讨在线调查中出现的主题，调查人员对 46 名与与建筑环境相关的 27 个 HIA 相关的利益相关者进行了半结构化访谈。这项初步研究表明，HIA 可以加强社区和政府机构之间的关系并建立信任。此外，本研究表明，HIA 建议可以为决定促进健康资源和健康风险分布的政策和决策系统提供信息。HIA 的结果反过来又可以使处于风险中的人群更公平地获得健康资源，并减少接触环境危害。未来的研究应通过与其他数据源证实研究结果并记录 HIA 在其他部门的潜在影响和结果，进一步探讨 HIA 与健康和健康公平决定因素变化之间的关联。
