White Iii Richard Allen, Wong Hon L, Ruvindy Rendy, Neilan Brett A, Burns Brendan P
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Jun 13;9:1223. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01223. eCollection 2018.
Single stranded DNA viruses have been previously shown to populate the oceans on a global scale, and are endemic in microbialites of both marine and freshwater systems. We undertook for the first time direct viral metagenomic shotgun sequencing to explore the diversity of viruses in the modern stromatolites of Shark Bay Australia. The data indicate that Shark Bay marine stromatolites have similar diversity of ssDNA viruses to that of Highbourne Cay, Bahamas. ssDNA viruses in cluster uniquely in Shark Bay and Highbourne Cay, potentially due to enrichment by phi29-mediated amplification bias. Further, pyrosequencing data was assembled from the Shark Bay systems into two putative viral genomes that are related to family of ssDNA viruses. In addition, the cellular fraction was shown to be enriched for antiviral defense genes including CRISPR-Cas, BREX (bacteriophage exclusion), and DISARM (defense island system associated with restriction-modification), a potentially novel finding for these systems. This is the first evidence for viruses in the Shark Bay stromatolites, and these viruses may play key roles in modulating microbial diversity as well as potentially impacting ecosystem function through infection and the recycling of key nutrients.
先前的研究表明，单链DNA病毒在全球海洋中广泛存在，并且在海洋和淡水系统的微生物岩中呈地方性分布。我们首次进行了直接病毒宏基因组鸟枪法测序，以探索澳大利亚鲨鱼湾现代叠层石中病毒的多样性。数据表明，鲨鱼湾海洋叠层石中ssDNA病毒的多样性与巴哈马群岛的海波恩礁相似。鲨鱼湾和海波恩礁中的ssDNA病毒独特地聚集在一起，这可能是由于phi29介导的扩增偏差导致的富集。此外，从鲨鱼湾系统的焦磷酸测序数据中组装出了两个与ssDNA病毒家族相关的假定病毒基因组。此外，细胞部分被证明富含抗病毒防御基因，包括CRISPR-Cas、BREX（噬菌体排除）和DISARM（与限制修饰相关的防御岛系统），这对这些系统来说可能是一个新发现。这是鲨鱼湾叠层石中存在病毒的首个证据，这些病毒可能在调节微生物多样性以及通过感染和关键营养物质的循环潜在影响生态系统功能方面发挥关键作用。
