Lin Tengda, Zirpoli Gary R, McCann Susan E, Moysich Kirsten B, Ambrosone Christine B, Tang Li
Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2017 Jul 18;1(8):e000448. doi: 10.3945/cdn.117.000448. eCollection 2017 Aug.
The chemopreventive activities of cruciferous vegetables were recognized in the early 1990s, followed by a growth of evidence in various cancer models, including breast cancer. To our knowledge, no studies have examined whether consumption of cruciferous vegetables has changed accordingly, and what impact, if any, on breast cancer risk may have resulted. The time trend in cruciferous vegetable intake was investigated between 1982 and 1998, and its associations with breast cancer risk were examined. In a hospital-based case-control study in 1491 patients with breast cancer and 1482 controls, loess curves were constructed to describe the relation between median consumption of cruciferous vegetables and year of admission. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated with unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, year of admission, family income, body mass index, cigarette smoking, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, family history of breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy, and total meat intake. Consumption patterns differed between cases and controls. A slow but steady increase in cruciferous vegetable intake was observed in the cases, although among controls, cruciferous vegetable consumption increased from 1982 to 1987, reached a plateau during 1988-1992, and then declined from 1993 to 1998. Accordingly, although an overall inverse association with breast cancer risk was observed for cruciferous vegetable intake (highest compared with lowest quartile-OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.86; -trend = 0.0006), the inverse association tended to be more pronounced within more recent-year strata, with an OR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.83) for 1993-1998 compared with an OR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.23) for 1982-1987. The consumption of cruciferous vegetables increased during the past 2 decades, showing different trends in cases and controls. The subtle but sustained increase in cruciferous vegetable intake reported by the cases could influence association studies with breast cancer risk.
十字花科蔬菜的化学预防活性在20世纪90年代初得到认可，随后在包括乳腺癌在内的各种癌症模型中，证据不断增加。据我们所知，尚无研究调查十字花科蔬菜的摄入量是否相应发生了变化，以及这可能对乳腺癌风险产生何种影响（若有影响的话）。我们调查了1982年至1998年间十字花科蔬菜摄入量的时间趋势，并研究了其与乳腺癌风险的关联。在一项基于医院的病例对照研究中，纳入了1491例乳腺癌患者和1482例对照，构建了局部加权回归曲线以描述十字花科蔬菜的中位摄入量与入院年份之间的关系。采用无条件逻辑回归计算比值比（OR）和95%可信区间（CI），并对年龄、入院年份、家庭收入、体重指数、吸烟情况、初潮年龄、生育次数、首次生育年龄、乳腺癌家族史、激素替代疗法和肉类总摄入量进行了调整。病例组和对照组的消费模式有所不同。病例组中十字花科蔬菜的摄入量虽增长缓慢但较为稳定，而对照组中，十字花科蔬菜的消费量在1982年至1987年增加，在1988 - 1992年达到平稳状态，然后在1993年至1998年下降。因此，尽管观察到十字花科蔬菜摄入量与乳腺癌风险总体呈负相关（最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比，OR：0.68；95%CI：0.55，0.86；趋势P = 0.0006），但这种负相关在最近几年的分层中往往更为明显，1993 - 1998年的OR为0.52（95%CI：0.33，0.83），而1982 - 1987年的OR为0.89（95%CI：0.64，1.23）。在过去20年中，十字花科蔬菜的消费量有所增加，病例组和对照组呈现出不同的趋势。病例组报告的十字花科蔬菜摄入量的细微但持续增加可能会影响与乳腺癌风险的关联研究。
