Ondigo Bartholomew N, Muok Erick M O, Oguso John K, Njenga Sammy M, Kanyi Henry M, Ndombi Eric M, Priest Jeffrey W, Kittur Nupur, Secor William Evan, Karanja Diana M S, Colley Daniel G
Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya.
Front Immunol. 2018 Jun 18;9:1402. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01402. eCollection 2018.
The potential consequences of parasitic infections on a person's immune responsiveness to unrelated antigens are often conjectured upon in relationship to allergic responses and autoimmune diseases. These considerations sometimes extend to whether parasitic infection of pregnant women can influence the outcomes of responses by their offspring to the immunizations administered during national Expanded Programs of Immunization. To provide additional data to these discussions, we have enrolled 99 close-to-term pregnant women in western Kenya and determined their and infection status. At 2 years of age, when the initial immunization schedule was complete, we determined their children's IgG antibody levels to tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and measles nucleoprotein (N-protein) antigens using a multiplex assay. We also monitored antibody responses during the children's first 2 years of life to MSP1 (PfMSP1), Soluble Egg Antigen (SEA), hemoglobin (AsHb), and (SsNIE). Mothers' infections with either or had no impact on the level of antibody responses of their offspring or the proportion of offspring that developed protective levels of antibodies to either tetanus or diphtheria antigens at 2 years of age. However, children born of -positive mothers and immunized for measles at 9 months of age had significantly lower levels of anti-measles N-protein antibodies when they were 2 years old ( = 0.007) and a lower proportion of these children (62.5 vs. 90.2%, OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04-0.68, = 0.011) were considered positive for measles N-protein antibodies. Decreased levels of measles antibodies may render these children more susceptible to measles infection than children whose mothers did not have schistosomiasis. None of the children demonstrated responses to AsHb or SsNIE during the study period. Anti-SEA and anti-PfMSP1 responses suggested that 6 and 70% of the children acquired schistosomes and falciparum malaria, respectively, during the first 2 years of life.
寄生虫感染对人体针对无关抗原的免疫反应性的潜在影响，常常是在与过敏反应和自身免疫性疾病的关联中被推测的。这些考量有时会延伸到孕妇的寄生虫感染是否会影响其后代对国家扩大免疫规划中所接种疫苗的反应结果。为了给这些讨论提供更多数据，我们在肯尼亚西部招募了99名接近足月的孕妇，并确定了她们的血吸虫和疟原虫感染状况。在孩子2岁时，当最初的免疫接种计划完成后，我们使用多重检测法测定了他们对破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素和麻疹核蛋白（N蛋白）抗原的IgG抗体水平。我们还监测了孩子出生后头2年对恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面蛋白-1（PfMSP1）、日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原（SEA）、非洲锥虫血红蛋白（AsHb）和间日疟原虫（SsNIE）的抗体反应。母亲感染血吸虫或疟原虫对其后代抗体反应水平，以及在2岁时产生针对破伤风或白喉抗原的保护性抗体水平的后代比例均无影响。然而，母亲为疟原虫阳性且在9个月大时接种麻疹疫苗的孩子，在2岁时抗麻疹N蛋白抗体水平显著较低（P = 0.007），并且这些孩子中被认为麻疹N蛋白抗体呈阳性的比例较低（62.5%对90.2%，OR = 0.18，95%CI = 0.04 - 0.68，P = 0.011）。麻疹抗体水平降低可能使这些孩子比母亲未感染血吸虫病的孩子更容易感染麻疹。在研究期间，没有孩子对AsHb或SsNIE表现出反应。抗SEA和抗PfMSP1反应表明，分别有6%和70%的孩子在出生后头2年感染了血吸虫和恶性疟原虫。
