Bu Jin, Wang Zhaohui
Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2018 Jun 3;2018:6458094. doi: 10.1155/2018/6458094. eCollection 2018.
Considering the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant interest has been focused on the gut microbiota-heart interaction because the gut microbiota has been recognized as a barometer of human health. Dysbiosis, characterized by changes in the gut microbiota in CVD, has been reported in cardiovascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Conversely, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as trimethylamine/trimethylamine -oxide (TMA/TMAO), can impact host physiology. Further, bacterial dysbiosis can disturb gut immunity, which increases the risk of acute arterial events. Moreover, studies of germ-free mice have provided evidence that microbiota diversity and the presence of a specific microbe in the gut can affect immune cells in hosts. Therefore, the changes in the composition of the gut microbiota can affect host metabolism and immunity. Importantly, these effects are not only confined to the gut but also spreaded to distal organs. The purpose of the current review is to highlight the complex interplay between the microbiota and CVD via TMAO and different immune cells and discuss the roles of probiotics and nutrition interventions in modulating the intestinal microbiota as novel therapeutic targets of CVD.
鉴于心血管疾病（CVD）的高发性，人们对肠道微生物群与心脏的相互作用产生了浓厚兴趣，因为肠道微生物群已被视为人类健康的晴雨表。在心血管疾病（如动脉粥样硬化、高血压和心力衰竭）中，已报道存在以肠道微生物群变化为特征的生态失调。相反，肠道微生物群衍生的代谢产物，如三甲胺/氧化三甲胺（TMA/TMAO），可影响宿主生理。此外，细菌生态失调会扰乱肠道免疫，增加急性动脉事件的风险。此外，对无菌小鼠的研究提供了证据，表明肠道微生物群的多样性和特定微生物的存在会影响宿主中的免疫细胞。因此，肠道微生物群组成的变化会影响宿主代谢和免疫。重要的是，这些影响不仅局限于肠道，还会扩散到远端器官。本综述的目的是强调微生物群与心血管疾病之间通过氧化三甲胺和不同免疫细胞的复杂相互作用，并讨论益生菌和营养干预在调节肠道微生物群方面作为心血管疾病新治疗靶点的作用。
