Duensing Nina, Sprink Thorben, Parrott Wayne A, Fedorova Maria, Lema Martin A, Wolt Jeffrey D, Bartsch Detlef
Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Berlin, Germany.
Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Julius Kuehn Institute, Quedlinburg, Germany.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2018 Jun 18;6:79. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00079. eCollection 2018.
Genome editing describes a variety of molecular biology applications enabling targeted and precise alterations of the genomes of plants, animals and microorganisms. These rapidly developing techniques are likely to revolutionize the breeding of new crop varieties. Since genome editing can lead to the development of plants that could also have come into existence naturally or by conventional breeding techniques, there are strong arguments that these cases should not be classified as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and be regulated no differently from conventionally bred crops. If a specific regulation would be regarded necessary, the application of genome editing for crop development may challenge risk assessment and post-market monitoring. In the session "Plant genome editing-any novel features to consider for ERA and regulation?" held at the 14th ISBGMO, scientists from various disciplines as well as regulators, risk assessors and potential users of the new technologies were brought together for a knowledge-based discussion to identify knowledge gaps and analyze scenarios for the introduction of genome-edited crops into the environment. It was aimed to enable an open exchange forum on the regulatory approaches, ethical aspects and decision-making considerations.
基因组编辑描述了多种分子生物学应用，这些应用能够对植物、动物和微生物的基因组进行靶向和精确改造。这些快速发展的技术可能会给新作物品种的培育带来变革。由于基因组编辑能够培育出那些原本也可能通过自然方式或传统育种技术产生的植物，因此有充分理由认为，这些情况不应被归类为转基因生物（GMO），并且其监管方式不应与传统培育的作物有差异。如果认为有必要进行特定监管，那么将基因组编辑应用于作物开发可能会给风险评估和上市后监测带来挑战。在第14届国际转基因生物学会举办的“植物基因组编辑——环境风险评估和监管中需要考虑的新特性？”会议上，来自不同学科的科学家以及监管者、风险评估者和这些新技术的潜在使用者齐聚一堂，进行基于知识的讨论，以找出知识空白，并分析将基因组编辑作物引入环境的各种情形。会议旨在建立一个关于监管方法、伦理问题和决策考量的开放交流论坛。
