Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 24;115(30):E7212-E7221. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1800455115. Epub 2018 Jul 3.
Modern dogs are distinguished among domesticated species by the vast breadth of phenotypic variation produced by strong and consistent human-driven selective pressure. The resulting breeds reflect the development of closed populations with well-defined physical and behavioral attributes. The sport-hunting dog group has long been employed in assistance to hunters, reflecting strong behavioral pressures to locate and pursue quarry over great distances and variable terrain. Comparison of whole-genome sequence data between sport-hunting and terrier breeds, groups at the ends of a continuum in both form and function, reveals that genes underlying cardiovascular, muscular, and neuronal functions are under strong selection in sport-hunting breeds, including , , , , , and We also identified an allele of that was significantly associated with increased racing speed in Whippets, accounting for 11.6% of the total variance in racing performance. Finally, we observed a significant association of with breed-specific accomplishments in competitive obstacle course events. These results provide strong evidence that sport-hunting breeds have been adapted to their occupations by improved endurance, cardiac function, blood flow, and cognitive performance, demonstrating how strong behavioral selection alters physiology to create breeds with distinct capabilities.
现代犬种在表型变异方面与其他驯化物种明显不同，这是强烈而持续的人为选择压力所产生的结果。由此产生的品种反映了封闭种群的发展，具有明确的物理和行为特征。运动狩猎犬种长期以来一直被用于协助猎人，反映了强烈的行为压力，需要在远距离和不同地形上定位和追捕猎物。对运动狩猎犬种和梗犬种（在形态和功能上都处于连续体的两端）之间的全基因组序列数据进行比较，发现心血管、肌肉和神经元功能的基因在运动狩猎犬种中受到强烈选择，包括、、、、、和。我们还鉴定出一个与惠比特犬的奔跑速度增加显著相关的 等位基因，该基因解释了 11.6%的奔跑性能总方差。最后，我们观察到与竞争性障碍赛事件中特定品种成就的显著关联。这些结果有力地证明了运动狩猎犬种通过提高耐力、心脏功能、血液流动和认知表现来适应其职业，展示了强烈的行为选择如何改变生理机能，从而创造出具有独特能力的品种。
