Fawcett Anne, Mullan Siobhan, McGreevy Paul
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford BS40 5DU, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2018 Jul 3;8(7):109. doi: 10.3390/ani8070109.
Ethically challenging situations are common in veterinary practice, and they may be a source of moral stress, which may in turn impact the welfare of veterinarians. Despite recognition of the importance of ethical reasoning, some veterinary students may struggle to apply theoretical ethical frameworks. Fraser developed a “practical” ethic consisting of four principles that can be applied to ethically challenging situations. We apply Fraser’s “practical” ethic to three cases that veterinarians may encounter: animal hoarding, animal neglect, and treatment of wildlife. We argue that Fraser’s “practical” ethic is consistent with a One Welfare framework, and may have increasing currency for veterinarians in the light of the World Animal Health Organisation’s Global Animal Welfare Strategy. Both Fraser’s “practical” ethic and a One Welfare framework require veterinarians to consider the impacts of animal ethics decisions on a broader scale than most other ethical frameworks have prepared them for. We discuss the strengths and limitations of Fraser’s “practical” ethic when applied in veterinary contexts and recommend additional support and training to enable veterinarians to effectively apply these frameworks in real-world settings.
在兽医实践中，道德困境屡见不鲜，它们可能成为道德压力的来源，进而影响兽医的福祉。尽管人们认识到道德推理的重要性，但一些兽医学生在应用理论道德框架时可能会遇到困难。弗雷泽提出了一种由四项原则组成的“实用”伦理，可应用于道德困境。我们将弗雷泽的“实用”伦理应用于兽医可能遇到的三种情况：动物囤积、动物忽视和野生动物治疗。我们认为，弗雷泽的“实用”伦理与“同一健康”框架相一致，鉴于世界动物卫生组织的《全球动物福利战略》，它对兽医的重要性可能会日益增加。弗雷泽的“实用”伦理和“同一健康”框架都要求兽医在比大多数其他伦理框架所要求的更广泛的范围内考虑动物伦理决策的影响。我们讨论了弗雷泽的“实用”伦理在兽医领域应用时的优势和局限性，并建议提供额外的支持和培训，以使兽医能够在实际环境中有效地应用这些框架。
