Lehmler Hans-Joachim, Liu Buyun, Gadogbe Manuel, Bao Wei
College of Public Health, Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, and College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
ACS Omega. 2018 Jun 30;3(6):6523-6532. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00824. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are replacing bisphenol A (BPA) in the manufacturing of products containing polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Data on current human exposure levels of these substitutes are needed to aid in the assessment of their human health risks. This study analyzed urinary bisphenol levels in adults ( = 1808) and children ( = 868) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 and investigated demographic and lifestyle factors associated with urinary levels of bisphenols. BPA, BPS, and BPF were detected in 95.7, 89.4, and 66.5% of randomly selected urine samples analyzed as part of NHANES 2013-2014, respectively. Median levels of BPA in U.S. adult were higher (1.24 μg/L) than BPF and BPS levels (0.35 and 0.37 μg/L, respectively). For children, median BPA levels were also higher (1.25 μg/L) than BPF and BPS levels (0.32 and 0.29 μg/L, respectively). The limits of detection for BPA, BPF, and BPS were 0.2, 0.2, and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. Urinary levels showed associations with gender, race/ethnicity, family income, physical activity, smoking, and/or alcohol intake that depended on the specific bisphenol. The results of this study indicate that exposure of the general U.S. population to BPA substitutes is almost ubiquitous. Because exposures differ across the U.S. population, further studies of environmental, consumer, and lifestyle factors affecting BPF and BPS exposures are warranted.
双酚F（BPF）和双酚S（BPS）正在取代双酚A（BPA），用于制造含聚碳酸酯和环氧树脂的产品。需要有关这些替代品当前人体暴露水平的数据，以帮助评估其对人体健康的风险。本研究分析了参与2013 - 2014年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的1808名成年人和868名儿童尿液中的双酚水平，并调查了与尿液双酚水平相关的人口统计学和生活方式因素。作为2013 - 2014年NHANES一部分进行分析的随机选择尿液样本中，分别有95.7%、89.4%和66.5%检测出了BPA、BPS和BPF。美国成年人中BPA的中位数水平（1.24μg/L）高于BPF和BPS水平（分别为0.35μg/L和0.37μg/L）。对于儿童，BPA的中位数水平（1.25μg/L）也高于BPF和BPS水平（分别为0.32μg/L和0.29μg/L）。BPA、BPF和BPS的检测限分别为0.2μg/L、0.2μg/L和0. μg/L。尿液水平显示出与性别、种族/民族、家庭收入、身体活动、吸烟和/或饮酒的关联，具体取决于特定的双酚。本研究结果表明，美国普通人群对BPA替代品的暴露几乎无处不在。由于美国不同人群的暴露情况不同，因此有必要进一步研究影响BPF和BPS暴露的环境、消费和生活方式因素。
