天气变化会影响老年人的身体活动水平吗？——第 100 代研究。
Do weather changes influence physical activity level among older adults? - The Generation 100 study.
机构信息
Department of Sociology and Political Science, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Jul 6;13(7):e0199463. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199463. eCollection 2018.
INTRODUCTION
Understanding how individual and environmental factors impact physical activity (PA) level is important when building strategies to improve PA of older adults. No studies have examined how hour-to-hour weather changes influence PA in older adults or how the association between weather and PA eventually is related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured as peak oxygen uptake. The aim of this study was therefore to examine how hour-to-hour changes in weather effects hour-to-hour PA in a cohort of Norwegian older adults across CRF levels, gender and seasons.
METHODS
PA was assessed objectively in 1219 older adults (70-77 years, 51% females) using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer, and quantified as counts·min-1 (CPM). Weather (Norwegian meteorological Institute) and CRF (MetaMax II) were measured objectively. Panel data analysis added a longitudinal dimension when 110.888 hours of weather- and PA data were analyzed.
RESULTS
Older adults had a higher PA level in warmer (597 CPM) than colder months (556 CPM) (p<0.01). Fixed effects regression-models revealed that increasing temperatures (per hour) influenced PA positively in both colder and warmer months (all, p<0.01), with greater influence in fitter vs. less fit participants (p<0.01). In warmer months, increasing precipitation negatively influenced PA in both unfit females and unfit males (p<0.01). In colder months, increasing precipitation positively influenced PA for moderately fit to fit males (p<0.01), but not for females and unfit males.
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between weather conditions and objectively-measured-PA among Norwegian older adults. Our findings demonstrates that unfit older adults will be less likely to participate in PA when the weather is unpleasant, compared to those highly fit. The data suggests that the impact of weather should not be ignored when planning public health strategies for increasing PA among older adults.
引言
了解个体和环境因素如何影响老年人的体力活动（PA）水平对于制定提高老年人 PA 的策略非常重要。目前还没有研究探讨每小时天气变化如何影响老年人的 PA，以及天气与 PA 的关联最终如何与心肺适能（CRF）相关，后者是通过最大摄氧量来衡量的。因此，本研究旨在检查在不同 CRF 水平、性别和季节的挪威老年人群体中，每小时天气变化如何影响每小时的 PA。
方法
使用 Actigraph GT3X+加速度计客观评估 1219 名老年人（70-77 岁，51%为女性）的 PA，并以每分钟计数（CPM）进行量化。天气（挪威气象研究所）和 CRF（MetaMax II）也是通过客观测量的。当分析了 110.888 小时的天气和 PA 数据时，面板数据分析增加了一个纵向维度。
结果
与较冷的月份（556 CPM）相比，老年人在较温暖的月份（597 CPM）的 PA 水平更高（p<0.01）。固定效应回归模型显示，在较冷和较温暖的月份中，气温每小时升高（p<0.01）会对 PA 产生积极影响，在体能较好的参与者中影响更大（p<0.01）。在较温暖的月份中，降水增加会对体能较差的女性和男性的 PA 产生负面影响（p<0.01）。在较冷的月份中，降水增加会对体能中等至较好的男性的 PA 产生积极影响（p<0.01），但对女性和体能较差的男性没有影响。
结论
据我们所知，这是首次研究挪威老年人的天气条件与客观测量的 PA 之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明，与体能较好的老年人相比，体能较差的老年人在天气不适时不太可能参加 PA。数据表明，在制定提高老年人 PA 的公共卫生策略时，不应忽视天气的影响。
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