Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Public Health. 2019 Feb 1;29(1):159-163. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cky111.
Most European countries established laws against smoking in public places. We aimed to describe the prevalence of smoking in bars in 2010 and 2016 in eight European countries and to characterise those bars in which smoking still occurred in 2016.
Smoking in bars was studied in 16 cities in 8 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany and the Netherlands). In 2010, 96 bars were visited. In 2016, 51 bars were revisited and 45 new bars were visited. Smoking indoors and characteristics of bars, terrace and customers were observed using a standard observation template. Associations between bar characteristics and smoking were analyzed using logistic regression.
Overall prevalence of in-bar smoking was 39.6% in 2010 and 34.4% in 2016. Prevalence in bars covered by smoke-free legislation decreased from 24.2 to 13.0% between 2010 and 2016 whereas prevalence in bars where smoking was legally allowed increased from 73.3 to 88.9%. In-bar smoking almost exclusively occurred in countries with partial smoke-free legislation compared with more comprehensive legislation. Smoking was more prevalent in bars for locals, with a counter for drinks, slot-machines, no outside seating and no food service. Size of the bar, comfort of the terrace and the presence of cigarette vending machines were not associated with in-bar smoking.
Whereas comprehensive smoke-free legislation resulted in high compliance, smoking increased in bars in countries with partial or no smoke-free legislation. This study confirms that comprehensive smoke-free legislation is needed to protect customers and personnel against second-hand-smoke exposure in all bars.
大多数欧洲国家都制定了公共场所禁烟法律。我们旨在描述 2010 年和 2016 年八个欧洲国家酒吧的吸烟流行情况，并描述 2016 年仍存在吸烟现象的酒吧特征。
在 8 个欧洲国家（奥地利、比利时、捷克共和国、丹麦、英格兰、法国、德国和荷兰）的 16 个城市研究了酒吧吸烟情况。2010 年，共访问了 96 家酒吧。2016 年，回访了 51 家酒吧，并新访问了 45 家酒吧。使用标准观察模板观察室内吸烟情况和酒吧特征、露台和顾客特征。使用逻辑回归分析酒吧特征与吸烟之间的关联。
2010 年和 2016 年，酒吧内吸烟的总体流行率分别为 39.6%和 34.4%。2010 年至 2016 年，禁烟法规覆盖的酒吧内吸烟率从 24.2%降至 13.0%，而允许合法吸烟的酒吧内吸烟率从 73.3%增至 88.9%。酒吧内吸烟几乎仅发生在部分禁烟立法的国家，而不是更全面的立法。酒吧内吸烟更普遍的是当地酒吧，设有酒水柜台、老虎机、无户外座位和无餐饮服务。酒吧规模、露台舒适度以及香烟自动售货机的存在与酒吧内吸烟无关。
全面禁烟立法导致了高合规性，但在部分或没有禁烟立法的国家，酒吧内吸烟有所增加。本研究证实，需要全面的禁烟立法来保护顾客和员工免受所有酒吧中二手烟的侵害。
