Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cytokine. 2019 Jan;113:155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.036. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 are involved in innate immune responses. We addressed whether different aspects of oral health and non-disease-related covariates influence their levels in saliva. 436 participants were clinically examined, completed a health questionnaire, and provided stimulated saliva. Salivary levels of MMP-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lower MMP-12 levels were observed in individuals 40-64 years old (yo) compared to < 40 yo, and higher S100A8/A9 levels were found in individuals > 64 yo compared to 40-64 yo. Smokers exhibited lower MMP-12 and S100A12 levels compared to non-smokers. All three proteins were elevated in individuals with bleeding on probing (BOP) > 20% compared to those with BOP ≤ 20%, and the S100A8/A9 levels were higher in individuals having ≥ 10% gingival pocket depths (PPD) ≥ 4 mm compared to the ones with shallow pockets < 4 mm. The extent of alveolar bone loss or presence of manifest caries did not alter any of the markers. MMP-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 levels were higher in participants with high periodontal inflammatory burden. All three proteins correlated positively to BOP, PPD, and to several inflammatory mediators. The explanatory variables for MMP-12 in saliva were age, smoking, presence of any tumor, and percentage of PPD ≥ 4 mm. The determinant of salivary S100A8/A9 was percentage of BOP, while S100A12 levels were associated with percentage of BOP and presence of any tumor. Taken together, MMP-12 and the S100/calgranulin levels in saliva reflect different aspects of periodontal inflammation. Smoking and age should be taken into account in further investigation of these proteins as biomarker candidates of periodontal disease.
基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP)-12、S100A8/A9 和 S100A12 参与先天免疫反应。我们研究了口腔健康的不同方面和与疾病无关的协变量是否会影响它们在唾液中的水平。436 名参与者接受了临床检查、完成了健康问卷并提供了刺激唾液。通过酶联免疫吸附试验测定 MMP-12、S100A8/A9 和 S100A12 的唾液水平。与<40 岁的个体相比，40-64 岁的个体 MMP-12 水平较低，而>64 岁的个体 S100A8/A9 水平高于 40-64 岁的个体。与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者的 MMP-12 和 S100A12 水平较低。与 BOP≤20%的个体相比，BOP>20%的个体中所有三种蛋白质均升高，S100A8/A9 水平在有≥10%牙周袋深度（PPD）≥4mm 的个体中高于有浅袋<4mm 的个体。牙槽骨丧失的程度或明显龋齿的存在并未改变任何标志物。牙周炎炎症负担高的参与者中 MMP-12、S100A8/A9 和 S100A12 水平较高。三种蛋白质与 BOP、PPD 和几种炎症介质呈正相关。唾液中 MMP-12 的解释变量为年龄、吸烟、任何肿瘤的存在以及 PPD≥4mm 的百分比。唾液中 S100A8/A9 的决定因素是 BOP 的百分比，而 S100A12 水平与 BOP 的百分比和任何肿瘤的存在相关。总之，唾液中的 MMP-12 和 S100/钙粒蛋白水平反映了牙周炎炎症的不同方面。在进一步研究这些作为牙周病生物标志物候选物的蛋白质时，应考虑吸烟和年龄。
