Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 K12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 K12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2018 Oct;54:102-108. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.06.007. Epub 2018 Jul 7.
The hygiene hypothesis was initially proposed as an explanation for the alarming rise in allergy prevalence in the last century. The immunological idea behind this hypothesis was a lack of infections associated with a Western lifestyle and a consequential reduction in type 1 immune responses. It is now understood that the development of tolerance to allergens depends on microbial colonization and immunostimulatory environmental signals during early-life or passed on by the mother. These environmental cues are sensed and integrated by barrier epithelial cells of the lungs and possibly skin, which in turn instruct dendritic cells to regulate or impede adaptive T cell responses. Recent reports also implicate immunoregulatory macrophages as powerful suppressors of allergy by the microbiome. We propose that loss of adequate microbial stimulation due to a Western lifestyle may result in hypersensitive barrier tissues and the observed rise in type 2 allergic disease.
卫生假说最初被提出，用以解释上个世纪过敏症发病率惊人上升的现象。这一假说背后的免疫学观点是，西方生活方式导致感染减少，从而导致 1 型免疫反应减少。现在人们已经了解到，对过敏原的耐受性的发展取决于生命早期的微生物定植和免疫刺激环境信号，或者通过母亲传递。这些环境线索由肺部和可能的皮肤的屏障上皮细胞感知和整合，反过来指导树突状细胞调节或阻碍适应性 T 细胞反应。最近的报告还表明，微生物组中的免疫调节巨噬细胞是过敏的强大抑制因子。我们提出，由于西方生活方式导致的微生物刺激不足，可能导致敏感的屏障组织和观察到的 2 型过敏疾病的增加。
