a School of Biosciences and Medicine , University of Surrey , Surrey , UK.
b Expert Performance and Skill Acquisition Research Group, School of Sport, Health, and Applied Science , St Mary's University , Twickenham , UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Nov;18(10):1327-1337. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1490459. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
The initial steps of a sprint are important in team sports, such as rugby, where there is an inherent requirement to maximally accelerate over short distances. Current understanding of sprint acceleration technique is primarily based on data from track and field sprinters, although whether this information is transferable to athletes such as rugby players is unclear, due to differing ecological constraints. Sagittal plane video data were collected (240 Hz) and manually digitised to calculate the kinematics of professional rugby forwards (n = 15) and backs (n = 15), and sprinters (n = 18; 100 m personal best range = 9.96-11.33 s) during the first three steps of three maximal sprint accelerations. Using a between-group research design, differences between groups were determined using magnitude-based inferences, and within-group relationships between technique variables and initial sprint acceleration performance were established using correlation. Substantial between-group differences were observed in multiple variables. Only one variable, toe-off distance, differed between groups (d = -0.42 to -2.62) and also demonstrated meaningful relationships with sprint performance within all three groups (r = -0.44 to -0.58), whereby a stance foot position more posterior relative to the centre of mass at toe-off was associated with better sprint performance. While toe-off distance appears to be an important technical feature for sprint acceleration performance in both sprinters and rugby players, caution should be applied to the direct transfer of other kinematic information from sprinters to inform the technical development of acceleration in team sports athletes.
冲刺的初始阶段在团队运动中很重要，例如橄榄球，其中需要在短距离内最大限度地加速。目前对冲刺加速技术的理解主要基于来自田径短跑运动员的数据，尽管由于生态限制的不同，这些信息是否适用于橄榄球运动员等运动员尚不清楚。收集了矢状面视频数据（240Hz）并手动数字化，以计算职业橄榄球前锋（n=15）和后卫（n=15）以及短跑运动员（n=18；100m 个人最佳成绩范围为 9.96-11.33s）在三次最大冲刺加速的前三步中的运动学。使用组间研究设计，使用基于幅度的推断确定组间差异，使用相关性建立技术变量与初始冲刺加速性能之间的组内关系。在多个变量中观察到了组间的实质性差异。只有一个变量，即蹬离距离，在组间存在差异（d=-0.42 至-2.62），并且在所有三组中都与冲刺性能存在有意义的关系（r=-0.44 至-0.58），即蹬离时相对于质心更靠后的支撑脚位置与更好的冲刺性能相关。虽然蹬离距离似乎是短跑运动员和橄榄球运动员冲刺加速性能的重要技术特征，但应谨慎将来自短跑运动员的其他运动学信息直接转移，以告知团队运动运动员的加速技术发展。
