Mihan Ronak, Shahrivar Zahra, Mahmoudi-Gharaei Javad, Shakiba Alia, Hosseini Mostafa
Psychiatry Faculty, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Psychiatry. 2018 Apr;13(2):111-118.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in adulthood, and it is associated with different high- risk behaviors, particularly substance use. Evidence suggests a high prevalence of ADHD in adults who take methamphetamine (METH). This study aimed at comparing functional level, quality of life, and psychiatric comorbidities in METH users with and without adult ADHD (A-ADHD). In this cross-sectional study, 134 patients who had a history of METH use (at least once in lifetime) were selected from among inpatient and outpatient referrals to a psychiatric hospital. DIVA was performed for those who were positive on the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Self-Report-Screening Version (CAARS-SR-SV). The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief (WHOQoL-BREF) were used to assess the participants' level of functioning and quality of life, respectively. Psychiatric comorbidities including substance use disorders were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Axis I (SCID-I). Among the METH users, 10.4% were diagnosed as having A-ADHD. A-ADHD was more prevalent among female METH users than males. The hyperactive-impulsive and combined types were more common than the inattentive type. Opiates and cannabis were the most commonly abused drugs by the 2 groups, while sedative-hypnotic use was significantly higher in the individuals with A-ADHD. Substance-induced mood disorder was the most prevalent comorbidity in the 2 groups and was higher in those with A-ADHD. quality of life and the GAF scores were significantly lower in those with A-ADHD and duration of METH use was higher Compared to the METH users without A-ADHD, (p>0.05). This study provided some preliminary findings supporting the prevalence of Adult ADHD among METH users and its negative impacts on their global functioning and quality of life. To provide more effective intervention for METH users, detection and treatment of those with A-ADHD can be of clinical value.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在成年人中很常见，且与不同的高风险行为相关，尤其是物质使用。有证据表明，服用甲基苯丙胺（METH）的成年人中ADHD患病率很高。本研究旨在比较有和没有成人ADHD（A-ADHD）的甲基苯丙胺使用者的功能水平、生活质量和精神共病情况。在这项横断面研究中，从一家精神病医院的住院和门诊转诊患者中选取了134名有甲基苯丙胺使用史（终身至少一次）的患者。对康纳斯成人ADHD评定量表-自我报告-筛查版（CAARS-SR-SV）呈阳性的患者进行DIVA评估。分别使用功能总体评定量表（GAF）和世界卫生组织生活质量简表（WHOQoL-BREF）来评估参与者的功能水平和生活质量。使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版轴I障碍的结构化临床访谈（SCID-I）评估包括物质使用障碍在内的精神共病情况。在甲基苯丙胺使用者中，10.4%被诊断为患有A-ADHD。A-ADHD在女性甲基苯丙胺使用者中比男性更普遍。多动冲动型和混合型比注意力不集中型更常见。阿片类药物和大麻是两组中最常滥用的药物，而镇静催眠药的使用在患有A-ADHD的个体中显著更高。物质所致心境障碍是两组中最普遍的共病，在患有A-ADHD的个体中更高。与没有A-ADHD的甲基苯丙胺使用者相比，患有A-ADHD的个体生活质量和GAF评分显著更低，且甲基苯丙胺使用时间更长（p>0.05）。本研究提供了一些初步发现，支持成人ADHD在甲基苯丙胺使用者中的患病率及其对他们整体功能和生活质量的负面影响。为了对甲基苯丙胺使用者提供更有效的干预，检测和治疗患有A-ADHD的患者可能具有临床价值。
