Yooda Arzouma Paul, Soubeiga Serge Theophile, Nebie K Yacouba, Diarra Birama, Sawadogo Salam, Ouattara Abdoul Karim, Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas, Yonli Albert Theophane, Tao Issoufou, Sorgho Pegdwende Abel, Dahourou Honorine, Simpore Jacques
Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 364 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2018 Jul 1;10(1):e2018041. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2018.041. eCollection 2018.
The improved performance of serological tests has significantly reduced the risk of human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B and C viruses transmission by blood transfusion, but there is a persistence of residual risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of multiplex PCR in reducing the risk of residual transmission of these viruses in seronegative blood donors in Burkina Faso.
This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2017. The serological tests were performed on sera using ARCHITECT1000 (Abbot diagnosis, USA). Detection of viral nucleic acids was performed by multiplex PCR on mini-pools of seronegative plasma for HBV, HCV and HIV using SaCycler-96 Real Time PCR v.7.3 (Sacace Biotechnologies). Multiplex PCR-positive samples from these mini-pools were then individually tested by the same method.
A total of 989 donors aged 17 to 65 were included in the present study. "Repeat donors" accounted for 44.79% (443/989). Seroprevalences for HIV, HBV, and HCV were 2.53% (25/989), 7.28% (72/989) and 2.73% (27/989), respectively. Of the 14 co-infections detected, HBV/HCV was the most common with 0.71% (7/989) of cases. Of 808 donations tested by multiplex PCR, 4.70% (38/808) were positive for HBV while no donation was positive for HIV or HCV.
Our study showed a high residual risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusion. Due to the high prevalence of blood-borne infections in Burkina Faso, we recommend the addition of multiplex PCR to serologic tests for optimal blood donation screening.
血清学检测性能的提高显著降低了输血传播人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒的风险，但仍存在残余风险。本研究的目的是评估多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）对降低布基纳法索血清学阴性献血者中这些病毒残余传播风险的影响。
本横断面研究于2017年3月至9月进行。使用ARCHITECT1000（美国雅培诊断公司）对血清进行血清学检测。使用SaCycler-96实时PCR v.7.3（Sacace生物技术公司）对乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒血清学阴性血浆的微量池进行多重PCR检测病毒核酸。然后对这些微量池中多重PCR阳性的样本用相同方法进行单独检测。
本研究共纳入989名年龄在17至65岁之间的献血者。“重复献血者”占44.79%（443/989）。人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒的血清流行率分别为2.53%（25/989）、7.28%（72/989）和2.73%（27/989）。在检测到的14例合并感染中，乙型肝炎病毒/丙型肝炎病毒最为常见，占病例的0.71%（7/989）。在808份通过多重PCR检测的献血样本中，4.70%（38/808）的乙型肝炎病毒检测呈阳性，而没有一份献血样本的人类免疫缺陷病毒或丙型肝炎病毒检测呈阳性。
我们的研究表明，输血传播乙型肝炎病毒的残余风险很高。由于布基纳法索血源感染的高流行率，我们建议在血清学检测中增加多重PCR，以进行最佳的献血筛查。
