Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Autoimmun Rev. 2018 Sep;17(9):906-911. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.03.014. Epub 2018 Jul 10.
The tissue-resident memory T (T) cells constitute a newly identified subset of memory T cells which are non-circulating and they persist for long-term in epithelial barrier tissues, including skin, lung, gastrointestinal tract and reproductive tract, and in non-barrier tissues, including brain, kidney, pancreas and joint. These cells provide rapid on-site immune protection against previous exposed pathogens in peripheral tissues. There cells are transcriptionally, functionally and phenotypically distinguished from circulating effector memory T cells. In addition to their protective functions, increasing evidence reveals that autoreactive and/or aberrantly activated T cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and, as recently reported, may contribute to vitiligo, autoimmune hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current progress in the biology of T cells, such as the newly identified T markers, upstream regulators, and the functions of T cells. We also discuss the contributions of T cells to the development of autoimmunity to broaden our understanding of autoimmune diseases and to provide novel potential therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
组织驻留记忆 T（T）细胞构成了记忆 T 细胞的一个新亚群，它们是非循环的，并在包括皮肤、肺、胃肠道和生殖道在内的上皮屏障组织以及在非屏障组织（包括脑、肾、胰腺和关节）中长期存在。这些细胞针对外周组织中以前暴露的病原体提供快速的现场免疫保护。这些细胞在转录、功能和表型上与循环效应记忆 T 细胞不同。除了它们的保护功能外，越来越多的证据表明，自身反应性和/或异常激活的 T 细胞可能参与自身免疫性疾病的发病机制，如银屑病，最近有报道称，它们可能导致白癜风、自身免疫性肝炎和类风湿关节炎。因此，本综述旨在总结 T 细胞生物学的最新进展，例如新鉴定的 T 标志物、上游调节剂以及 T 细胞的功能。我们还讨论了 T 细胞对自身免疫发展的贡献，以拓宽我们对自身免疫性疾病的理解，并为这些疾病提供新的潜在治疗策略。
