Lawman Hannah G, Polonsky Heather M, Vander Veur Stephanie S, Abel Michelle L, Sherman Sandy, Bauer Katherine W, Sanders Tim, Fisher Jennifer O, Bailey-Davis Lisa, Ng Janet, Van Wye Gretchen, Foster Gary D
Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University School of Medicine, 3223 N, Broad Street suite 175, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 14;14:604. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-604.
Increasing school breakfast participation has been advocated as a method to prevent childhood obesity. However, little is known about children's breakfast patterns outside of school (e.g., home, corner store). Policies that increase school breakfast participation without an understanding of children's breakfast habits outside of school may result in children consuming multiple breakfasts and may undermine efforts to prevent obesity. The aim of the current study was to describe morning food and drink consumption patterns among low-income, urban children and their associations with relative weight.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data obtained from 651 4th-6th graders (51.7% female, 61.2% African American, 10.7 years) in 2012. Students completed surveys at school that included all foods eaten and their locations that morning. Height and weight were measured by trained research staff.
On the day surveyed, 12.4% of youth reported not eating breakfast, 49.8% reported eating one breakfast, 25.5% reported eating two breakfasts, and 12.3% reported eating three or more breakfasts. The number of breakfasts consumed and BMI percentile showed a significant curvilinear relationship, with higher mean BMI percentiles observed among children who did not consume any breakfast and those who consumed ≥ 3 breakfasts. Sixth graders were significantly less likely to have consumed breakfast compared to younger children. A greater proportion of obese youth had no breakfast (18.0%) compared to healthy weight (10.1%) and overweight youth (10.7%, p = .01).
When promoting school breakfast, policies will need to be mindful of both over- and under-consumption to effectively address childhood obesity and food insecurity.
NCT01924130 from http://clinicaltrials.gov/.
增加学校早餐参与率已被倡导为预防儿童肥胖的一种方法。然而，对于儿童校外（如家中、街角商店）的早餐模式却知之甚少。在不了解儿童校外早餐习惯的情况下增加学校早餐参与率的政策，可能会导致儿童食用多份早餐，并可能破坏预防肥胖的努力。本研究的目的是描述低收入城市儿童的早餐食物和饮料消费模式及其与相对体重的关联。
对2012年从651名四至六年级学生（51.7%为女性，61.2%为非裔美国人，平均年龄10.7岁）获取的数据进行横断面分析。学生们在学校完成了调查问卷，内容包括当天早上所吃的所有食物及其地点。身高和体重由经过培训的研究人员测量。
在调查当天，12.4%的青少年报告未吃早餐，49.8%报告吃了一份早餐，25.5%报告吃了两份早餐，12.3%报告吃了三份或更多份早餐。早餐摄入量与体重指数百分位数呈显著的曲线关系，未吃任何早餐的儿童以及吃了≥3份早餐的儿童的平均体重指数百分位数更高。与年幼的儿童相比，六年级学生吃早餐的可能性显著更低。与健康体重儿童（10.1%）和超重儿童（10.7%）相比，肥胖青少年中未吃早餐的比例更高（18.0%，p = 0.01）。
在推广学校早餐时，政策需要兼顾摄入过多和过少的情况，以有效解决儿童肥胖和粮食不安全问题。
