Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Campus Box B146, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2018 Aug;44:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
Dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, is linked with disease when this imbalance disturbs microbiota functions essential for maintaining health or introduces processes that promote disease. Dysbiosis in disease is predicted when microbiota differ compositionally from a healthy control population, but only truly defined when these differences are mechanistically related to adverse phenotypes. For the human gut microbiota, dysbiosis varies across diseases. One common manifestation is replacement of the complex community of anaerobes typical of the healthy adult gut microbiome with a community of lower overall microbial diversity and increased facultative anaerobes. Here we review diseases in which low-diversity dysbiosis has been observed and mechanistically linked with disease, with a particular focus on liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and Clostridium difficile infection.
肠道菌群失调是指微生物群落失衡，当这种失衡扰乱了维持健康所必需的微生物功能或引入促进疾病的过程时，就与疾病有关。当微生物群落的组成与健康对照人群不同时，就可以预测疾病中的肠道菌群失调，但只有当这些差异与不良表型在机制上相关时，才能真正定义为肠道菌群失调。对于人类肠道微生物群，肠道菌群失调在不同疾病中有所不同。一种常见的表现是，健康成年人肠道微生物组中复杂的厌氧菌群落被多样性较低的群落所取代，兼性厌氧菌增加。在这里，我们综述了观察到低多样性肠道菌群失调并与疾病在机制上相关的疾病，特别关注肝病、炎症性肠病和艰难梭菌感染。
