Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, ul Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Mol Cancer. 2018 Aug 8;17(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12943-018-0866-1.
In recent years, thyroid malignances have become more prevalent, especially among women. The most common sporadic types of thyroid tumors of follicular origin include papillary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Although modern diagnosis methods enable the identification of tumors of small diameter, tumor subtype differentiation, which is imperative for the correct choice of treatment, is still troublesome. This review discusses the recent advances in the field of molecular marker identification via next-generation sequencing and microarrays. The potential use of these biomarkers to distinguish among the most commonly occurring sporadic thyroid cancers is presented and compared. Geographical heterogeneity might be a differentiator, although not necessarily a limiting factor, in biomarker selection. The available data advocate for a subset of mutations common for the three subtypes as well as mutations that are unique for a particular tumor subtype. Tumor heterogeneity, a known issue occurring within solid malignancies, is also discussed where applicable. Public databases with datasets derived from high-throughput experiments are a valuable source of information that aid biomarker research in general, including the identification of molecular hallmarks of thyroid cancer.
近年来，甲状腺恶性肿瘤的发病率越来越高，尤其是在女性中。最常见的散发性滤泡源性甲状腺肿瘤包括乳头状癌、滤泡状癌和间变性甲状腺癌。尽管现代诊断方法能够识别小直径的肿瘤，但肿瘤亚型的分化对于正确选择治疗方法至关重要，这仍然是一个麻烦的问题。本文综述了通过下一代测序和微阵列技术鉴定分子标志物的最新进展。介绍并比较了这些生物标志物在鉴别最常见的散发性甲状腺癌中的潜在用途。虽然地理异质性可能是生物标志物选择的一个区别因素，但不一定是一个限制因素。现有数据表明，三种亚型都存在一组常见的突变，以及一种特定肿瘤亚型特有的突变。在适用的情况下，还讨论了肿瘤异质性这一实体恶性肿瘤中常见的问题。包含高通量实验数据集的公共数据库是信息的宝贵来源，有助于一般的生物标志物研究，包括甲状腺癌的分子特征的鉴定。
