School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
Department of Geography, Open University of Tanzania, Box 23409, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Aug 8;15(8):1692. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081692.
Environmental risk has become an area of major concern and research, drawing special attention. This study on the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of Dar es Salaam Municipal Solid Waste comes at a time when the Government of Tanzania is becoming increasingly concerned about dealing with high levels of pollution from municipal solid waste (MSW). The paper employed the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model to establish an environmental risk indicator system and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate and analyze risk values, based on the actual situation of MSW in the city of Dar es Salaam. It lists several measures that have been taken in response to the current significantly high levels of pollution, which have assisted in maintaining the environmental risk index (ERI) at a medium level (0.4⁻0.6) during the period from 2006⁻2017. However, these measures have not been adequate enough to manage the external pressure. The ERI has been increasing gradually, calling for timely formulation of demand-specific waste management policies to reduce the possibility of reaching the critical point in near future. With the use of the DPSIR model for ERA, this study has become highly valuable, providing empirical justification to reduce environmental risk from MSW, which is one of the main sources of environmental pollution in the urban areas of developing countries.
环境风险已成为一个备受关注和研究的领域，引起了特别关注。本研究旨在对达累斯萨拉姆市固体废物进行环境风险评估（ERA），恰逢坦桑尼亚政府越来越关注处理来自城市固体废物（MSW）的高污染水平之时。该论文采用驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）模型，根据达累斯萨拉姆市 MSW 的实际情况，建立了环境风险指标体系，并采用层次分析法（AHP）来计算和分析风险值。文中列出了针对当前污染水平显著升高而采取的几项措施，这些措施有助于在 2006-2017 年期间将环境风险指数（ERI）维持在中等水平（0.4-0.6）。然而，这些措施不足以应对外部压力。ERI 呈逐渐上升趋势，因此需要及时制定特定需求的废物管理政策，以降低在不久的将来达到临界点的可能性。本研究采用 DPSIR 模型进行 ERA，具有很高的价值，为减少发展中国家城市地区环境主要污染源之一的 MSW 环境风险提供了经验依据。
