Thompson Ann, Lathan Patty, Fleeman Linda
School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.
College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2015 Apr 15;6:129-142. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S39984. eCollection 2015.
Insulin therapy is still the primary therapy for all diabetic dogs and cats. Several insulin options are available for each species, including veterinary registered products and human insulin preparations. The insulin chosen depends on the individual patient's requirements. Intermediate-acting insulin is usually the first choice for dogs, and longer-acting insulin is the first choice for cats. Once the insulin type is chosen, the best method of insulin administration should be considered. Traditionally, insulin vials and syringes have been used, but insulin pen devices have recently entered the veterinary market. Pens have different handling requirements when compared with standard insulin vials including: storage out of the refrigerator for some insulin preparations once pen cartridges are in use; priming of the pen to ensure a full dose of insulin is administered; and holding the pen device in place for several seconds during the injection. Many different types of pen devices are available, with features such as half-unit dosing, large dials for visually impaired people, and memory that can display the last time and dose of insulin administered. Insulin pens come in both reusable and disposable options. Pens have several benefits over syringes, including improved dose accuracy, especially for low insulin doses.
胰岛素疗法仍然是所有糖尿病犬猫的主要治疗方法。每个物种都有几种胰岛素可供选择，包括兽用注册产品和人胰岛素制剂。所选择的胰岛素取决于个体患者的需求。中效胰岛素通常是犬的首选，长效胰岛素是猫的首选。一旦选择了胰岛素类型，就应考虑最佳的胰岛素给药方法。传统上，一直使用胰岛素瓶和注射器，但胰岛素笔装置最近已进入兽医市场。与标准胰岛素瓶相比，笔有不同的操作要求，包括：一旦笔芯开始使用，某些胰岛素制剂需在冰箱外储存；对笔进行预充以确保给予全剂量胰岛素；以及在注射过程中将笔装置保持在位几秒钟。有许多不同类型的笔装置可供选择，具有诸如半单位给药、为视力障碍者设计的大刻度盘以及可显示上次胰岛素给药时间和剂量的记忆功能等特点。胰岛素笔有可重复使用和一次性使用两种选择。笔比注射器有几个优点，包括提高剂量准确性，尤其是对于低胰岛素剂量。
