Mohr Kathrin I
Microbial Drugs (MWIS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Microorganisms. 2018 Aug 11;6(3):84. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms6030084.
The discovery of new antibiotics is mandatory with regard to the increasing number of resistant pathogens. One approach is the search for new antibiotic producers in nature. Among actinomycetes, species, and fungi, myxobacteria have been a rich source for bioactive secondary metabolites for decades. To date, about 600 substances could be described, many of them with antibacterial, antifungal, or cytostatic activity. But, recent cultivation-independent studies on marine, terrestrial, or uncommon habitats unequivocally demonstrate that the number of uncultured myxobacteria is much higher than would be expected from the number of cultivated strains. Although several highly promising myxobacterial taxa have been identified recently, this so-called Great Plate Count Anomaly must be overcome to get broader access to new secondary metabolite producers. In the last years it turned out that especially new species, genera, and families of myxobacteria are promising sources for new bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the cultivation of the hitherto uncultivable ones is our biggest challenge.
鉴于耐药病原体数量不断增加，发现新抗生素势在必行。一种方法是在自然界中寻找新的抗生素产生菌。在放线菌、细菌和真菌中，几十年来，粘细菌一直是生物活性次生代谢产物的丰富来源。迄今为止，可以描述约600种物质，其中许多具有抗菌、抗真菌或细胞抑制活性。但是，最近对海洋、陆地或不常见栖息地进行的非培养研究明确表明，未培养粘细菌的数量远高于根据培养菌株数量所预期的数量。尽管最近已经鉴定出几种极具潜力的粘细菌分类群，但必须克服这种所谓的“平板计数异常”现象，以便更广泛地获取新的次生代谢产物产生菌。在过去几年中发现，特别是粘细菌的新物种、属和科是新生物活性代谢产物的有希望的来源。因此，培养迄今无法培养的粘细菌是我们面临的最大挑战。
