Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
Institute for Digestive Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-44307, Lithuania.
World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Aug 14;24(30):3313-3329. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3313.
Non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers may contribute to an early identification of gastric cancer (GC) and improve the clinical management. Unfortunately, no sensitive and specific screening biomarkers are available yet and the currently available approaches are limited by the nature of the disease. GC is a heterogenic disease with various distinct genetic and epigenetic events that occur during the multifactorial cascade of carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are commonly deregulated in gastric mucosa during the infection and in stepwise manner from chronic gastritis, through preneoplastic conditions such as atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, to early dysplasia and invasive cancer. Identification of miRNAs in blood in 2008 led to a great interest on miRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers in GC. In this review, we provide the most recent systematic review on the existing studies related to miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for GC. Here, we systematically evaluate 75 studies related to differential expression of circulating miRNAs in GC patients and provide novel view on various heterogenic aspects of the existing data and summarize the methodological differences. Finally, we highlight several important aspects crucial to improve the future translational and clinical research in the field.
非侵入性诊断生物标志物有助于早期识别胃癌 (GC) 并改善临床管理。遗憾的是，目前尚无敏感且特异的筛查生物标志物，且当前可用的方法受到疾病性质的限制。GC 是一种具有多种不同遗传和表观遗传事件的异质性疾病，这些事件发生在多因素致癌级联反应过程中。在 感染期间以及从慢性萎缩性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎和肠上皮化生等癌前状态，到早期发育不良和浸润性癌，胃黏膜中 miRNAs 通常会失调。2008 年血液中 miRNAs 的鉴定引发了人们对基于 miRNA 的 GC 诊断、预后生物标志物的极大兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们提供了关于 miRNAs 作为 GC 诊断生物标志物的现有研究的最新系统评价。在这里，我们系统地评估了 75 项与 GC 患者循环 miRNAs 差异表达相关的研究，并对现有数据的各种异质性方面提供了新的见解，并总结了方法学差异。最后，我们强调了几个对改善该领域未来转化和临床研究至关重要的重要方面。
