Cerrato Javier, Cifre Eva
Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Labour Relations and Social Work, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
Department of Developmental, Educational and Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2018 Aug 3;9:1330. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01330. eCollection 2018.
The fact that the permeability between family and work scopes produces work-family conflict (WFC) is well established. As such, this research aims to check whether the unequal involvement in household chores between men and women is associated with increased WFC in women and men, interpreting the results also from the knowledge that arise from gender studies. A correlational study was carried out by means a questionnaire applied to 515 subjects (63% men) of two independent samples of Spanish men and women without emotional relationship, who lived with their heterosexual partner. As expected, results firstly show unequal involvement in household chores by women and men as it is higher in women that in men, and the perception of partner involvement is lower in women that in men. Secondly, those unequal involvements relate differently to men and women on different ways of work-family interaction. They do not increase WFC in women comparing to men, although there are tangentially significant differences in work conflict (WC) and statistically significant in family conflict (FC). However, perception of partner involvement on household chores increases WFC both in men and in women but not WC nor FC. Nevertheless, increase on marital conflict (MC) by domestic tasks neither affect in a significant way WFC in women nor in men, but increase WC in both women and men and FC only in women. Results also confirm that subject involvement on household chores is not a significant predictor of WFC in women nor in men, and that MC by domestic tasks is a statistically significant predictor in women of WFC and FC, but not in men. Thus, results show that traditional gender roles still affect the way men and women manage the work and family interaction, although the increased WFC due to involvement in housework is not exclusive to women, but also occurs in men. Personal and institutional recommendations are made on the basis of these results to cope with these conflicts.
家庭和工作领域之间的渗透性会产生工作-家庭冲突（WFC），这一事实已得到充分证实。因此，本研究旨在检验男女在家务劳动中的不平等参与是否与男女工作-家庭冲突的增加有关，并从性别研究得出的知识角度对结果进行解读。通过对515名受试者（63%为男性）进行问卷调查开展了一项相关性研究，这些受试者来自两个独立样本，是没有情感关系、与异性伴侣同住的西班牙男女。正如预期的那样，结果首先表明男女在家务劳动中的参与不平等，女性的参与程度高于男性，而且女性对伴侣参与的认知低于男性。其次，这些不平等参与在工作-家庭互动的不同方式上与男女的关联有所不同。与男性相比，它们并没有增加女性的工作-家庭冲突，尽管在工作冲突（WC）方面存在微弱的显著差异，在家庭冲突（FC）方面存在统计学上的显著差异。然而，对伴侣参与家务劳动的认知会增加男性和女性的工作-家庭冲突，但不会增加工作冲突或家庭冲突。尽管如此，家务劳动导致的婚姻冲突（MC）增加，对女性和男性的工作-家庭冲突均没有显著影响，但会增加女性和男性的工作冲突，且仅增加女性的家庭冲突。结果还证实，受试者在家务劳动中的参与并不是女性或男性工作-家庭冲突的显著预测因素，而家务劳动导致的婚姻冲突是女性工作-家庭冲突和家庭冲突的统计学显著预测因素，但不是男性的。因此，结果表明，传统性别角色仍然影响着男女管理工作和家庭互动的方式，尽管因参与家务劳动而增加的工作-家庭冲突并非女性独有，男性也会出现。基于这些结果提出了个人和机构层面的建议，以应对这些冲突。
