Damber L A, Larsson L G
Br J Cancer. 1986 May;53(5):673-81. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1986.111.
The aetiologic role of tobacco smoking was elucidated in a case-control study comprising 579 cases of male lung cancer registered during 1972-1977 in northern Sweden. The population aetiologic fraction attributable to smoking was about 80% in this series. Pipe smoking was as common as cigarette smoking and gave similar relative risk. The pipe smoking cases, however, had significantly higher mean age and mean smoking years at the time of diagnosis than the cigarette smoking cases. An obvious dose-response relation was found for both cigarette and pipe smoking. In ex-smokers, the relative risk gradually decreased from five years after cessation of smoking. This decrease was, however, much less pronounced in ex-pipe smokers than in ex-cigarette smokers. High relative risks were obtained for small cell and squamous cell carcinomas. For adenocarcinomas the relative risk was considerably lower but still significantly increased. Two types of controls were used, i.e. decreased and living. Comparison with living controls gave generally higher risk estimates than comparison with deceased controls.
在一项病例对照研究中阐明了吸烟的病因学作用，该研究涵盖了1972年至1977年期间在瑞典北部登记的579例男性肺癌病例。在这个系列中，归因于吸烟的人群病因分数约为80%。吸烟斗与吸烟一样普遍，且具有相似的相对风险。然而，吸烟斗的病例在诊断时的平均年龄和平均吸烟年限明显高于吸烟的病例。对于吸烟和吸烟斗都发现了明显的剂量反应关系。在戒烟者中，相对风险从戒烟五年后逐渐下降。然而，这种下降在曾经吸烟斗者中比在曾经吸烟者中要明显少得多。小细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌的相对风险较高。腺癌的相对风险则低得多，但仍显著增加。使用了两种类型的对照，即已故者和在世者。与在世对照相比，一般比与已故对照相比得出的风险估计值更高。
