Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
Air Quality Management Resource Centre, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2019 Jun 1;41(2):e121-e132. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy138.
The built environment exerts one of the strongest directly measurable effects on physical and mental health, yet the evidence base underpinning the design of healthy urban planning is not fully developed.
This study provides a systematic review of quantitative studies assessing the impact of buildings on health. In total, 7127 studies were identified from a structured search of eight databases combined with manual searching for grey literature. Only quantitative studies conducted between January 2000 and November 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Studies were assessed using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies.
In total, 39 studies were included in this review. Findings showed consistently that housing refurbishment and modifications, provision of adequate heating, improvements to ventilation and water supply were associated with improved respiratory outcomes, quality of life and mental health. Prioritization of housing for vulnerable groups led to improved wellbeing. However, the quality of the underpinning evidence and lack of methodological rigour in most of the studies makes it difficult to draw causal links.
This review identified evidence to demonstrate the strong association between certain features of housing and wellbeing such as adequate heating and ventilation. Our findings highlight the need for strengthening of the evidence base in order for meaningful conclusions to be drawn.
建筑环境对身心健康有着最强有力的直接可衡量影响之一，但健康城市规划设计的基础证据还不够完善。
本研究对评估建筑物对健康影响的定量研究进行了系统综述。总共从八个数据库的结构化搜索中以及对灰色文献的手动搜索中确定了 7127 项研究。只有在 2000 年 1 月至 2016 年 11 月之间进行的定量研究才有资格入选。研究使用定量研究质量评估工具进行评估。
本综述共纳入 39 项研究。研究结果一致表明，住房翻新和改造、提供足够的供暖、改善通风和供水与改善呼吸结果、生活质量和心理健康有关。为弱势群体提供住房优先考虑可改善福祉。然而，大多数研究的基础证据质量和方法学严谨性的缺乏使得很难得出因果关系。
本综述确定了证据，证明了住房的某些特征与幸福感之间存在很强的关联，例如充足的供暖和通风。我们的研究结果强调需要加强证据基础，以便得出有意义的结论。
